An improvement in a Two Way Automated Communications System (TWACS) requires only three of six previously required vectors to communicate with remote communication equipment (RCE) devices installed in the three phases of a utility's low voltage distribution network for concurrent outbound signal communications over the TWACS. The reduction in vectors allows an outbound injection silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) array used for such purposes to be greatly simplified and further allows the SCRs in the array to be operated independently, and therefore concurrently.

Systems and methods for designing, using, and/or implementing hybrid communication networks are described. In various embodiments, these systems and methods may be applicable to power line communications (PLC). For example, one or more of the techniques disclosed herein may include methods to coordinate medium-to-low voltage (MV-LV) and low-to-low voltage (LV-LV) PLC networks when the MV-LV network operates in a frequency subband mode and the LV-LV network operates in wideband mode (i.e., hybrid communications). In some cases, MV routers and LV routers may have different profiles. For instance, MV-LV communications may be performed using MAC superframe structures, and first-level LV to lower-level LV communications may take place using a beacon mode. Lower layer LV nodes may communicate using non-beacon modes. Also, initial scanning procedures may encourage first-to-second-level LV device communications rather than MV-to-first-level LV connections.

A device for determining a common-mode signal in a power line communication network. The device includes a first line, a second line, and a third line that are connected to a first terminal, to a second terminal, and to a third terminal, respectively. The first, the second, and the third terminal are configured to be connected to a phase line, a neutral line, and a protective ground line of the power line communication network, respectively. The device further includes a common-mode choke configured to couple out the common signal from the first, second, and third line, and the common-mode choke is connected to a termination impedance which is higher than an impedance of the power line communication network.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for determining a usage pattern, and sending instructions to a plurality of waveguide systems to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves along a surface of each of a plurality of wires according to the usage pattern. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for transmitting first electromagnetic waves that propagate on a surface of a component of a transit system, and receiving second electromagnetic waves that propagate on the surface of the component of the transit system. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, by each of a plurality of receivers, one of a plurality of electromagnetic waves, each electromagnetic wave of the plurality of electromagnetic waves guided by a different one of a plurality of twin-lead transmission lines, each twin-lead transmission line sharing a wire, and each electromagnetic wave of the plurality of electromagnetic waves including a different one of a plurality of communication signals, and obtaining, by each of the plurality of receivers, one of the plurality of communication signals. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, by each of a plurality of receivers, one of a plurality of electromagnetic waves, each electromagnetic wave of the plurality of electromagnetic waves guided by a different one of a plurality of twin-lead transmission lines, each twin-lead transmission line sharing a wire, and each electromagnetic wave of the plurality of electromagnetic waves including a different one of a plurality of communication signals, and obtaining, by each of the plurality of receivers, one of the plurality of communication signals. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A device for power line communication is provided, including a transmitter adapted to transmit signals on at least two of a plurality of power line transmission paths of a power line network; a sensor adapted to determine one or a plurality of reflection parameters of one of the plurality of power line transmission paths; and a transmission impedance matching unit adapted to match the output impedance of at least two output ports of the device which each couple to one of the plurality of transmission paths to the impedance of the at least two of the power line transmission paths based on the one or the plurality of reflection parameters. Further, a device including a corresponding reception impedance matching unit is provided and corresponding methods for transmitting and receiving signals.

A method for quickly carrying out effective automatic interlocking logic detection based on a GOOSE communication mechanism, comprising: introducing an automatic system device model and configuration satisfying the IEC61850 standard, and simulating a GOOSE communication behavior in which an intelligent electronic device acts as a quick packet transmitter and receiver, so as to realize the closed-loop detection function by independent publishing and feedback monitoring GOOSE information.

Disclosed are a three-phase power line communication apparatus and a communication method thereof, and more particularly, to a three-phase power line communication apparatus capable of establishing a network group for each of three phases, performing communication by each established network group, setting a communication plan by each established network group, and performing communication with meters installed on each phase, in order to solve the conventional communication collision occurring on a single network group, and a communication method thereof. Since a network group is established for each of three phases and communication is performed by each network group, communication can be performed precisely and systematically, and data exchange and data management between communication apparatuses can be facilitated.