A method for passing communications over an Optical Transport Network (OTN) from a first communication interface to a second communication interface. The first interface extracts characters from received data symbols, maps the characters into OTN communication frames and discards the synchronization symbols. The mapping is performed using a Bit-synchronous Mapping Procedure (BMP), while filling some locations in the OTN frames with stuffing characters, so that the rate of the characters matches a desired rate of the OTN communication frames. The characters are extracted from the communication frames in the second communication interface by synchronizing to the mapped input frames independently of the synchronization symbols. The input frames are reconstructed to produce reconstructed input frames including the data symbols and the synchronization symbols, by re-encoding the extracted characters. In some embodiments, data from Ethernet frames is passed along with the extracted characters in the OTN frames.

A method and apparatus for controlling delay over a data path in a device for transporting Ethernet packets over an optical transport network. The device is configured to receive an incoming clock signal having a first frequency and an incoming data signal and to output an outgoing clock signal having a second frequency and an outgoing data signal. One or more delays over the data path in the device are measured in a predetermined measurement period. A phase adjustment amount is determined based on the one or more measured delays over the data path in the predetermined measurement period, and based on the determining phase adjustment amount, a phase of the outgoing clock signal is adjusted by a phase locked loop in such a way that the delay over the data path in the device is substantially equal to a fixed delay value.

Embodiments provide a method for sending an optical transport network (OTN) signal, including: acquiring, by a network element (an OTN device), a first OTN signal, and determining a to-be-deleted timeslot in the first OTN signal; deleting the to-be-deleted timeslot in the first OTN signal, to form a second OTN signal; and sending the second OTN signal by using an optical module, where a transmission rate of the second OTN signal adapts to a transmission rate of the optical module.

A data transmission method, a transmitter, and a receiver, where the method includes obtaining constant bit rate (CBR) service data, performing physical coding sublayer (PCS) encoding on the CBR service data, inserting a rate adaptation code block in a PCS bitstream obtained by PCS encoding to perform rate adaptation on the PCS bitstream, mapping the adapted PCS bitstream to N timeslots of a flexible Ethernet (FlexE) frame, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to one, and sending the FlexE frame, where FlexE overhead of the FlexE frame includes information indicating the N timeslots corresponding to the PCS bitstream. Hence, according to the data transmission method, the transmitter, and the receiver, the CBR service data may be mapped to a FlexE, and a carrying capability of the FlexE is improved.

A data processing method, a communications device, and a communications system, where in a process of transmitting a packet service, a code block stream carrying the packet service is first obtained, then, rate adaptation is performed on the obtained code block stream, and finally, the rate-adapted code block stream is mapped to an optical channel payload unit (OPU) signal. Compared with a mapping manner in which a Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) is used, the data processing method, the communications device, and the communications system feature low processing complexity and/or high bandwidth utilization.

In an example implementation, an alignment detection circuit includes a buffer, a candidate selection circuit, and a correlator circuit. The buffer is configured to receive a data stream from a data lane, the data stream including alignment markers delineating data frames, each of the alignment markers having a predefined bit pattern. The candidate selection circuit is configured to identify candidate data blocks in successive data blocks of the data stream provided by the buffer, each of the candidate blocks having a measure of symmetry satisfying a threshold metric indicative of the predefined bit pattern. The correlator circuit is configured to search for at least one of the alignment markers in each of the candidate blocks and adjust alignment of the data stream in the buffer in response to locating the at least one alignment marker.

An error correction encoding device includes a mapping circuit that multiplexes a client signal and maps the multiplexed client signal into a transmission frame, and maps stuff bits for adjusting a data transmission rate into the transmission frame, a control data error correction encoding circuit that performs first error correction encoding on control data included in the transmission frame and indicating the positions and values of the stuff bits, and an error correction encoding circuit that performs second error correction encoding on the transmission frame including the control data on which the first error correction encoding is performed by the control data error correction encoding circuit.

An optical transmission apparatus that accommodates client signals in a line signal, includes: an OPUn mapper unit that receives and maps the client signals; and a mapping control unit that determines the number of pieces of client data to be mapped to a payload portion and determines the timing to insert client data and information on the number of pieces of client data into the payload portion to control mapping performed in the OPUn mapper unit.

An optical transmission apparatus that accommodates client signals in a line signal, includes: an OPUn mapper unit that receives and maps the client signals; and a mapping control unit that determines the number of pieces of client data to be mapped to a payload portion and determines the timing to insert client data and information on the number of pieces of client data into the payload portion to control mapping performed in the OPUn mapper unit.

The disclosure relates to a distribution device and an information device. The distribution device comprises a communication part, a memory part and a controller. The communication part communicates with an external device. The memory part stores a video data. The controller transmits the video data to the external device through the communication part. The controller transmits the video data to the external device based on a request signal from the external device, and the video data includes a predetermined data that is different from the video data.