An optical transmission characteristic measurement method includes starting transmission of an optical signal from a transmitting node to a receiving node; receiving a bit error rate value measured by the receiving node and relates to the optical signal; determining whether the bit error rate value is higher than a given threshold; adjusting input power of the optical signal to lower until it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold when it is determined that the bit error rate value is not higher than the given threshold; estimating an optical signal to noise ratio from the bit error rate value when it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold; and calculating an optical signal to noise ratio based on the estimated optical signal to noise ratio and an amount of lowering of the input power.

Methods and systems may implement a credit based approach for optimizing optical transmission and calculating optical paths in optical networks.

An optical transmission characteristic measurement method includes starting transmission of an optical signal from a transmitting node to a receiving node; receiving a bit error rate value measured by the receiving node and relates to the optical signal; determining whether the bit error rate value is higher than a given threshold; adjusting input power of the optical signal to lower until it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold when it is determined that the bit error rate value is not higher than the given threshold; estimating an optical signal to noise ratio from the bit error rate value when it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold; and calculating an optical signal to noise ratio based on the estimated optical signal to noise ratio and an amount of lowering of the input power.

A method, an optical node, and an optical network include a power controller configured to bring channels in-service in parallel over multiple cascaded optical nodes quickly, efficiently, and in a non-service affecting manner. The method, node, and network utilize multiple states of a control loop that maintains a stable response in downstream optical nodes as channels are added in parallel. Further, the power controller is configured to operate independently alleviating dependencies on other power controllers and removing the need for coordination between power controllers. The method, node, and network provide efficient turn up of dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) services which is critical to optical layer functionality including optical layer restoration.

Methods and systems may implement a credit based approach for optimizing optical transmission and calculating optical paths in optical networks.

An optical transmission device includes a splitter configured to have at least a first port, a second port, and a third port that output branched input light, branching ratios of the first port and the second port being variable, and a controller configured to reduce an optical level of output light from the first port to be monitored and increase an optical level of output light from the second port according to the reduced optical level of output light from the first port by controlling the branching ratios.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device, including: a processing system including a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance of operations of: determining a network topology in a fiber optic network, wherein the network topology comprises a plurality of network elements joined by fiber optic links; selecting parameter values of a set of parameters for a channel between a first network element and a second network element in the plurality of network elements; applying the parameter values to create parameterized dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) signals between the first network element and the second network element; responsive to the applying the parameter values, determining characteristics of the channel in the fiber optic network; repeating the selecting and applying of the parameter values to determine the characteristics of the channel using different selected parameter values; training a machine learning (ML) model using the set of the parameters and the characteristics of the channel in the fiber optic network; and predicting a target launch energy, power and efficiency using the ML model for the channel in the fiber optic network. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device, including: a processing system including a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance of operations of: determining a network topology in a fiber optic network, wherein the network topology comprises a plurality of network elements joined by fiber optic links; selecting parameter values of a set of parameters for a channel between a first network element and a second network element in the plurality of network elements; applying the parameter values to create parameterized dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) signals between the first network element and the second network element; responsive to the applying the parameter values, determining characteristics of the channel in the fiber optic network; repeating the selecting and applying of the parameter values to determine the characteristics of the channel using different selected parameter values; training a machine learning (ML) model using the set of the parameters and the characteristics of the channel in the fiber optic network; and predicting a target launch energy, power and efficiency using the ML model for the channel in the fiber optic network. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A multiplexer module and method are herein disclosed. The multiplexer module comprises a WSS configured to receive a plurality of first optical signals, selectively multiplex the first optical signals into a second optical signal, and output the second optical signal; an OPM operable to determine a power of one or more slice within a sample optical signal, the sample optical signal being selected from a group consisting of a particular optical signal of the first optical signals and a portion of the second optical signal including the particular optical signal; a processor; and a memory storing instructions that cause the processor to: validate the particular optical signal using the power of one or more slice within the sample optical signal; and if the particular optical signal is valid, cause the WSS to open a particular passband so as to multiplex the particular optical signal into the second optical signal.

A distributed device cluster includes a plurality of devices and a plurality of connection lines. Each device includes at least one pair of transmission components each including a first transmission component and a second transmission component that are coupled to each other. For any two of the plurality of devices, a first transmission component in one device is coupled to a second transmission component in another device via at least one connection line.