A method for state control of a user equipment includes: when in an inactive state, sending, a state indication message for indicating that the UE needs to switch to a connection state, to a base station, upon detecting that a preset state switching event is triggered; switching to the connection state according to a state switching instruction returned by the base station. The preset state switching event includes at least one of: a bearer corresponding to traffic data to be sent or received by the UE does not belong to a designated bearer that is a bearer capable of transmitting the service data in the inactive state; a message to be sent by the UE is a NAS message; a data buffer size of the UE exceeds a first threshold; and an RSRP value of a reference signal sent by the base station is less than a second threshold.

Disclosed is a positioning method. The positioning method includes operations as follows. Multiple pieces of positioning information of various RATs are acquired, each pieces of positioning information among the multiple pieces of positioning information is determined by means of a corresponding RAT, and is representative of a position area of a terminal. Position information of the terminal is determined according to the multiple pieces of positioning information.

A computer-implemented decoding method of configuring a plurality of transmit antennas to each represent an in-phase spatial constellation symbol within an in-phase spatial constellation and a quadrature spatial constellation symbol within a quadrature spatial constellation, and mapping source data to the in-phase spatial constellation symbols and the quadrature spatial constellation symbols represented by the plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the notion of applying sparse detection, compressed sensing algorithms to decode SM signals is proceeded.

A computer-implemented decoding method configures a plurality of transmit antennas to each represent an in-phase spatial constellation symbol within an in-phase spatial constellation, and a quadrature spatial constellation symbol within a quadrature spatial constellation, and maps source data to the in-phase spatial constellation symbols and the quadrature spatial constellation symbols represented by the plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the method constructs the set which has equal multiplicities of the transmit antenna activation, which ensures maximum possible transmit diversity.

Configuring a plurality of transmit antennas to each represent an in-phase spatial constellation symbol within an in-phase spatial constellation, and a quadrature spatial constellation symbol within a quadrature spatial constellation, mapping source data to the in-phase spatial constellation symbols and the quadrature spatial constellation symbols represented by the plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the method is applying an optimal and scalable quadrature spatial modulation scheme (OS-QSM) resulting in a maximum possible coding gain in the resultant quadrature spatial modulation.

Scalable space-time quadrature spatial modulation for multidimensional wireless systems is performed by configuring a plurality of transmit antennas to each represent an in-phase spatial constellation symbol within an in-phase spatial constellation, and a quadrature spatial constellation symbol within a quadrature spatial constellation, mapping source data to the in-phase spatial constellation symbols and the quadrature spatial constellation symbols represented by the plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the method constructs the set which has equal multiplicities of the transmit antenna activation, which ensures maximum possible transmit diversity and reduces the required complexity, making this feasible for larger number of antennas.

This application discloses a coding method and apparatus and a readable storage medium. The method includes: performing coding by a coding end through a DSTBC scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power sum of transmit symbols on a transmit antenna in previous two symbol periods to obtain a transmit symbol for a current symbol period; and determining, by the coding end, a transmit symbol for a symbol period next to the current symbol period based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, where the previous two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes performing clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum, transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal to a set of user equipments (UEs) using the unlicensed spectrum when a determination is made that the unlicensed spectrum is available, and receiving, in the unlicensed spectrum, a common clear-to-send (CTS) signal and an individual CTS signal from one or more of the UEs in response to the RTS signal. A second method includes transmitting an RTS signal in an unlicensed spectrum or a V-RTS signal in a licensed spectrum, addressed to a set of UEs, and transmitting a CTS-to-self signal in the unlicensed spectrum along with the transmission of the V-RTS signal.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes synchronizing clear channel assessment (CCA) slots across a plurality of base stations to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum for transmissions in a next transmission interval. A second method includes performing a CCA during one of a plurality of CCA slots synchronized across a plurality of evolved Node Bs (eNBs) to determine availability of unlicensed spectrum for transmissions in a next transmission interval.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes receiving feedback information from a user equipment (UE) via a primary component carrier (PCC) uplink in a licensed spectrum. A second method includes transmitting feedback information from a UE to an evolved Node B (eNB) via a PCC uplink in a licensed spectrum. The feedback information may address signals transmitted to the UE via a downlink in an unlicensed spectrum.