In an electronic device, N input electrical signals provided to N input connectors result in N output electrical signals corresponding to the N input electrical signals on N of M output connectors, where the N output electrical signals are orthogonal to each other. Moreover, the N input electrical signals result in P output electrical signals corresponding to the N input electrical signals on P of the M output connectors, where the P output electrical signals are orthogonal to each other, but are not orthogonal to the N output electrical signals. The P output electrical signals are linear combinations of the N input electrical signals in which the N input electrical signals have corresponding second phases, where a dot product of a given one of the N output electrical signals with a given one of the P output electrical signals equals a non-zero predefined value.

Device for checking the integrity of a digital transmission for an analog output of a system. The analog output may be checked for transient errors that can be attributed to a digital transmission path embedded somewhere within the vehicle system. A test signal is introduced into a digital transmission that can be reassembled from an analog path of the analog output, and, if not, allows the test device to pinpoint that errors are appearing due to the digital path, and not because of the analog output. In this way, debugging an installation of a system becomes easier; obtaining confidence in reliability of a mixed analog and digital system becomes less of a challenge and less time consuming.

An error rate measuring apparatus includes a data transmission unit that transmits a test signal of a known pattern and a parameter value defined by a communication standard to a device under test, and a bit error measurement unit that measures a bit error of a signal transmitted from the device under test. The data transmission unit sequentially changes the parameter value and transmits the parameter value to the device under test. The bit error measurement unit measures a bit error of a signal transmitted from the device under test corresponding to the parameter value. The error rate measuring apparatus further includes a discrimination unit that discriminates a parameter value at which the number of bit errors is the least in a measurement result of the bit error measurement unit, as an optimum value of emphasis of an output waveform of the device under test.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to measuring and evaluating a test signal generated by a device under test (DUT). In particular, the test signal generated by the DUT may be compared to a reference signal and scored based on the comparison. For example, a method may include: capturing a test signal from a device under test; splicing the test signal into a plurality of test audio files based on a plurality of frequency bins; at each frequency bin, comparing each of the plurality of test audio files to a corresponding reference audio file from among a plurality of reference audio files, the plurality of reference audio files being associated with a reference signal; and calculating a performance score of the device under test based on the comparisons.

A signal comprising a succession of first bit sequences X.sub.n is generated. Each X.sub.n with n≥1 is determined from the preceding X.sub.n−1 using a deterministic algorithm P. The signal is transmitted from a transmitter through the communication system and received as a second bit sequence X.sub.n′ by a receiver. For each received X.sub.n′, the method comprises determining a first group of candidates corresponding to a plurality of possible first bit sequences X.sub.n,i that could have been sent from the transmitter device and changed into the second bit sequence X.sub.n′ according to an acceptable modification in the communication system; determining a second group of candidates from candidates determined for the preceding index n−1 and using P; determining a third group of candidates by intersecting the first group of candidates and the second group of candidates; checking the third group.

Conventional test systems can experience issues when attempting to test network nodes or system with realistic high speed forward error correction (FEC) encoded test data. For example, a test system may use a packet data generator to generate eight data streams or lanes of 50 Gigabits per second (Gbps) test data and may then use a multiplexer to combine the eight lanes into a 400 Gbps data stream for transmission using 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4). To generate a high speed data stream comprising multiple data lanes, the test system may be required to use a master clock or other time synchronization technique to keep the data lanes in sync. Further, to generate an FEC encoded high speed data stream comprising multiple data lanes, the test system may perform FEC encoding across all of the data lanes comprising the high speed data stream, which can make test data modifications difficult afterwards. Hence, issues can arise if a packet data generator lacks capabilities, e.g., analog distortion or analog fuzzing features, that are needed for testing some aspect of network node functionality.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to measuring and evaluating a test signal generated by a device under test (DUT). In particular, the test signal generated by the DUT may be compared to a reference signal and scored based on the comparison. For example, a method may include: capturing a test signal from a device under test; splicing the test signal into a plurality of test audio files based on a plurality of frequency bins; at each frequency bin, comparing each of the plurality of test audio files to a corresponding reference audio file from among a plurality of reference audio files, the plurality of reference audio files being associated with a reference signal; and calculating a performance score of the device under test based on the comparisons.

An adjusting method for data transmission, adapted to a first processor and a second processor for transmitting data through a network environment. The method comprises: performing a testing procedure to determine whether the network environment is a weak network environment by the first processor, attaching a first sequence header to a request data and outputting the request data having the first sequence header when the first processor determines the network environment is the weak network environment by the first processor, attaching the first sequence header and a second sequence header to a reply data corresponding to the request data when the second processor receives the request data by the second processor, and outputting the reply data having the first sequence header and the second sequence header to the first processor by the second processor.

This disclosure includes technologies for ranking or generating compatible objects. In retail-oriented applications, the disclosed technologies can rank products based on their respective compatibilities with contextual products, both in shape and appearance, and facilitate users to select products compatible with contextual products or surrounding conditions. In design-oriented applications, the disclosed technologies can generate diverse objects compatible with contextual objects or surrounding conditions.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to measuring and evaluating a test signal generated by a device under test (DUT). In particular, the test signal generated by the DUT may be compared to a reference signal and scored based on the comparison. For example, a method may include: capturing a test signal from a device under test; splicing the test signal into a plurality of test audio files based on a plurality of frequency bins; at each frequency bin, comparing each of the plurality of test audio files to a corresponding reference audio file from among a plurality of reference audio files, the plurality of reference audio files being associated with a reference signal; and calculating a performance score of the device under test based on the comparisons.