A first resistor connected in parallel to a semiconductor optical modulator having first ends, the first resistor and first ends connected to a reference potential. A first end of a first transmission line is connected to second ends of the semiconductor optical modulator and the first resistor. A second transmission line is connected in series to the first transmission line and has an impedance lower than that of the first resistor. A first end of the second transmission line is connected to a second end of the first transmission line. A third transmission line is connected in series to the first and second transmission lines and has an end connected to a second end of the second transmission line, and has an impedance equal to that of the first transmission line. A second resistor and a capacitor are connected in series between the third transmission line and the reference potential.

Embodiments include systems and methods for providing fast direct feedback to correct decision feedback equalization (DFE) in receiver circuits. Embodiments can provide direct feedback for DFE correction in a manner that is effective in high-speed data channels, while manifesting less latency, power consumption, and/or area than conventional DFE implementations. In some implementations, in each clock cycle (e.g., Tn), implementations can select (e.g., using a multiplexer) between a positive reference signal and a negative reference signal (e.g., both reference signals generated according to an inter-symbol interference magnitude for a data channel) according to a decision feedback signal from a previous clock cycle (Tn−1). The selected reference signal can be compared (e.g., in the same clock cycle Tn, using a comparator) with an input data signal to generated an updated decision feedback signal for a next clock cycle (e.g., Tn+1).

A method of generating a multi-level signal having one of three or more voltage levels that are different from each other, the method including: performing a first voltage setting operation in which first and second voltage intervals are adjusted to be different from each other, wherein the first voltage interval represents a difference between a first pair of adjacent voltage levels and the second voltage interval represents a difference between a second pair of adjacent voltage levels; performing a second voltage setting operation in which a voltage swing width is adjusted, the voltage swing width representing a difference between a lowest and a highest voltage level among the three or more voltage levels; and generating an output data signal that is the multi-level signal based on input data including two or more bits, a result of the first voltage setting operation and a result of the second voltage setting operation.

A power feeding apparatus is provided. The power feeding apparatus includes a power feeding unit configured to supply electric power to a power receiving apparatus through a magnetic field; a measuring unit configured to measure an electric characteristic value and to generate a measurement value; a power receiving unit configured to provide a set value; and a foreign substance detection unit configured to detect a foreign substance in the magnetic field based on the set value and the measurement value. A power receiving apparatus, a power feeding system, and a method of controlling power feeding are also provided.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a coupling device includes a circuit that receives a signal. At least one passive electrical circuit element generates an electromagnetic field in response to the signal. A portion of the electromagnetic field is guided by a surface of a transmission medium to propagate as a guided electromagnetic wave longitudinally along the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A multi-level signal transmitter includes a voltage selection circuit, which is configured to select one amongst a plurality of driving voltages, which have different voltage levels, in response to input data including at least two bits of data therein. A driver circuit is also provided, which is configured to generate an output data signal as a multi-level signal, in response to the selected one of the plurality of driving voltages. This selected signal is provided as a body bias voltage to at least one transistor within the driver circuit. This driver circuit may include a totem-pole arrangement of first and second MOS transistors having respective first and second body bias regions therein, and at least one of the first and second body bias regions may be responsive to the selected one of the plurality of driving voltages.

Advanced detectors for vector signaling codes are disclosed which utilize multi-input comparators, generalized on-level slicing, reference generation based on maximum swing, and reference generation based on recent values. Vector signaling codes communicate information as groups of symbols which, when transmitted over multiple communications channels, may be received as mixed sets of symbols from different transmission groups due to propagation time variations between channels. Systems and methods are disclosed which compensate receivers and transmitters for these effects and/or utilize codes having increased immunity to such variations, and circuits are described that efficiently implement their component functions.

An interconnect module device is provided. The interconnect module device includes a line control command (LCC) detecting circuit configured to identify an LCC signal; an equalizer control circuit configured to generate a control signal based on the LCC signal; a receiving equalizer configured to perform receiving equalization on a first signal received from a first universal flash storage (UFS) device based on the control signal to generate a second signal; and a transmitting equalizer configured to perform transmitting equalization on the second signal to generate a third signal based on the control signal, and transmit the third signal to a second UFS device.

A transmitter according to the disclosure includes: three first driver sections; three first pre-driver sections that are provided corresponding to the respective three first driver sections, and each drive corresponding one of the first driver sections on a basis of corresponding one of three first control signals that are different from one another and each including predetermined number of signals; a second pre-driver section that operates on a basis of a second control signal that includes predetermined number of signals; and a controller that controls transition of the predetermined number of signals included in the second control signal to allow number of signals to be subjected to the transition out of the plurality of signals included in the three first control signals and the plurality of signals included in the second control signal to be same between timings of the transition.

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system which is provided to support a higher data transmission rate after 4G communication systems such as LTE. A first electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a control unit, an input unit, an output unit and a communication unit. The input unit recognizes occurrence of a touch input for transmitting or receiving contents, and the communication unit, on the basis of the received signal strength of a search signal or a response signal received from at least one other electronic device, transmits the contents to the at least one other electronic device or receives the contents from the at least one other electronic device.