In some examples, a controller includes an interface to receive presence indicators associated with computer nodes, and a processor to determine, based on the presence indicators, a quantity of a set of computer nodes that are present in a system, and adjust, based on the determined quantity, phases of activity control indications provided to the computer nodes of the set of computer nodes, wherein the adjusting is to vary a first phase of a first activity control indication of the activity control indications relative to a second phase of a second activity control indication of the activity control indications.

Provided are a memory device and a memory system including the same. The memory device may include a data bus inversion (DBI) mode selector configured to select a first multi-bit DBI signal from among a plurality of multi-bit DBI signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI modes according to multi-bit data; a multi-mode DBI encoder configured to generate encoded multi-bit data by DBI encoding the multi-bit data according to the first multi-bit DBI signal; and a transceiver configured to transmit a data symbol corresponding to the encoded multi-bit data through a data channel and transmit a DBI symbol corresponding to the first multi-bit DBI signal through a DBI channel.

A high-speed signaling system with adaptive transmit pre-emphasis. A transmit circuit has a plurality of output drivers to output a first signal onto a signal path. A receive circuit is coupled to receive the first signal via the signal path and configured to generate an indication of whether the first signal exceeds a threshold level. A first threshold control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust the threshold level according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level. A drive strength control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust a drive strength of at least one output driver of the plurality of output drivers according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level.

A high-speed signaling system with adaptive transmit pre-emphasis. A transmit circuit has a plurality of output drivers to output a first signal onto a signal path. A receive circuit is coupled to receive the first signal via the signal path and configured to generate an indication of whether the first signal exceeds a threshold level. A first threshold control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust the threshold level according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level. A drive strength control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust a drive strength of at least one output driver of the plurality of output drivers according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level.

A transmission system includes: an antenna; a control device including an RF circuit which transmits a first signal for controlling a radio wave to be outputted from the antenna and an external power supply which supplies direct current to the antenna; and a first transmission path which connects the antenna and the control device, and is used in transmission of the first signal and supplying of the direct current to the antenna.

A transmission system includes: an antenna; a control device including an RF circuit which transmits a first signal for controlling a radio wave to be outputted from the antenna and an external power supply which supplies direct current to the antenna; and a first transmission path which connects the antenna and the control device, and is used in transmission of the first signal and supplying of the direct current to the antenna.

Described apparatuses and methods are directed to equalization with pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) signaling. As bus frequencies have increased, the time for correctly transitioning between voltage levels has decreased, which can lead to errors. Symbol decoding reliability can be improved with equalization, like with decision-feedback equalization (DFE). DFE, however, can be expensive for chip area and power usage. Therefore, instead of applying DFE to all voltage level determination paths in a receiver, DFE can be applied to a subset of such determination paths. With PAM4 signaling, for example, a DFE circuit can be coupled between an output and an input of a middle slicer. In some cases, symbol detection reliability can be maintained even with fewer DFE circuits by compressing a middle eye of the PAM4 signal. The other two eyes thus have additional headroom for expansion. Encoding schemes, impedance terminations, or reference voltage levels can be tailored accordingly.

A pair of ground planes arranged in parallel, a dielectric medium disposed in between the pair of ground planes, and a set of at least four signal conductors disposed in the dielectric medium, the set of at least four signal conductors having (i) a first pair of signal conductors arranged proximate to a first ground plane of the pair of ground planes and (ii) a second pair of signal conductors arranged proximate to a second ground plane of the pair of ground planes, each signal conductor of the set of at least four signal conductors configured to carry a respective signal corresponding to a symbol of a codeword of a vector signaling code.

Methods and systems are described for receiving a plurality of signals corresponding to symbols of a codeword on a plurality of wires of a multi-wire bus, and responsively generating a plurality of sub-channel outputs using a plurality of multi-input comparators (MICs) connected to the plurality of wires of the multi-wire bus, generating a plurality of wire-specific skew control signals, each wire-specific skew control signal of the plurality of wire-specific skew control signals generated by combining (i) one or more sub-channel specific skew measurement signals associated with corresponding sub-channel outputs undergoing a transition and (ii) a corresponding wire-specific transition delta, and providing the plurality of wire-specific skew control signals to respective wire-skew control elements to adjust wire-specific skew.

A transmission device according to the disclosure includes a driver section that is able to transmit a data signal by using three or more predetermined number of voltage states and set voltages in each of the voltage states; and a control section that sets an emphasis voltage that is based on a transition among the predetermined number of the voltage states, and thereby causes the driver section to perform emphasis.