This application discloses a link decision-making method, applied to a link decision-making system including first and second user equipment that are in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call status, a transit server, and a decision-making computing device. A first link directly connecting the two user equipment and a second link that transits by using the transit server exist between the two user equipment. The decision-making computing device is responsible for making, according to a link quality score of a current sending link between the first and second user equipment, a decision about using the first link or the second link as a subsequent sending link of the first user equipment. According to the link decision-making method provided in this application, it can be ensured that a better link can be selected to transmit a data stream of VoIP, thereby improving the quality of service (QoS) of the VoIP.

An unregistered cable modem is in a cable operator network having a computer, a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server, a spoofing domain name system (DNS) server and a good DNS server, a captive portal application, and a trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP) server. The cable modem is provisioned by the cable modem obtaining a configuration, rebooting, and activating the configuration. The computer obtains a plurality of computer configuration parameters including an IP address of the spoofing DNS. The spoofing DNS server answers an HTTP request from the computer with an IP address associated with the captive portal application. The captive portal obtains an activation code from the computer, verifies the activation code is correct, and forces the cable modem to reboot.

Methods and systems for evaluating an audio quality using voice activity in a 4G and/or 5G network are disclosed. According to an implementation, a network component may determine that a voice call from a first user to a second user is established in a wireless network. The network component may include a user plane function in a 5G network and/or a serving gateway/packet data network gateway in a 4G network. The network component may obtain an audio stream associated with the voice call periodically until the voice call ends. The network component may further measure a packet loss rate of the audio stream, a muting rate of the audio stream, and a voice activity of the audio stream. The network component may determine whether the user perception of the voice call is impacted based at least in part on the packet loss rate, the muting rate, or the voice activity.

The embodiments herein relate to a method performed by a control plane node (303) for handling a UE (101) which roams into a visited network (100a). At least the network in which the control plane node (303) is comprised is a MSC network. The control plane node (303) transmits a create chain request message to a service chain controller (305). The create chain request message is a request to create a chain of UPF nodes (308) that user plane packets to or from the UE (101) should traverse. The control plane node (303) receives a create chain response message from the service chain controller (305). The create chain response message indicates that the requested chain has been created.

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a service processing method, an apparatus, and a system that relate to the field of communications technologies and are used to reduce resource waste. The method includes: controlling, by a controller, a first node to send a received packet to a processing network; and controlling, by the controller, the processing network to process the packet and then send a processed packet to a second node. The first node is a base station or a network element connected to the base station, and the second node is a routing function entity; or the first node is the routing function entity, and the second node is the base station or a network element connected to the base station. The routing function entity is an anchor point of an Internet Protocol IP address of a user.

Network packet traffic in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network is analyzed by associating a micro network access agent with a single network element in the LTE network and performing packet traffic analysis for packet traffic processed by the single network element using the micro network access agent.

A Voice-over-IP (VOIP) system includes a plurality of multi-control units (MCUs). A first MCU in the VOIP system hosts a first VOIP session that joins a plurality of conference devices. Based on an impact metric being acceptable, and an alternate MCU accepting to host the VOIP session, the system joins the plurality of conference devices to a replacement VOIP session hosted on the alternate MCU.

In one embodiment, a method implemented in a virtual network function (VNF) manager for delivering of services to a roaming UE is disclosed. The method includes identifying a trigger condition for handing-over delivery of at least a subset of services from a radio interface of a source radio base station to a radio interface of a target radio base station. The method also includes transferring the subset of the services to the target radio base station through a route based on information from a software-defined networking (SDN) controller of a SDN system that includes the source radio base station and the target radio base station. The method further includes causing at least one VNF to be deployed on the target radio base station, the at least one VNF on the target radio base station being adapted to offer the subset of the services to the roaming UE.

A network management system for management of a communications network is disclosed. The system comprises an inventory database storing a network inventory comprising information representative of network resources of the communications network. The system comprises means for receiving a change request specifying a modification to be made to the network, and an inventory update component adapted to modify the network inventory in response to the change request. The system also includes an implementation component adapted to access the inventory database, identify modifications made to the network inventory, and transmit configuration data to the network to implement the inventory modifications in the network.

Systems and methods for providing mobile services are disclosed. In one implementation, an access point (AP) is provided, which may include a set of one or more base-station functions for use by a user equipment (UE) connected to the AR over a wireless communication interface. The one or more base-station functions may be configured to receive information from the UE. The AP may further include a set of one or more core-network functions configured to receive the information from the set of one or more base-station functions and a distributed portion of a service. The distributed portion of the service may be configured to receive the information from the one or more core-network functions and communicate the information to a corresponding cloud portion of the service running on a cloud platform. The service may be provided by a combination of the distributed portion and the cloud portion of the service. The distributed portion of the service may be further configured to receive a response from the cloud portion of the service based on processing performed by the cloud portion on the cloud platform.