The present disclosure provides an electronic apparatus, a central node apparatus and a network side apparatus, a transmission method and a configuration method. The electronic apparatus for user equipment UE side includes: a transmission mode determining device configured for determining, based on service type of uplink transmission data that is to be transmitted to a network side apparatus by the electronic apparatus for UE side, whether to adopt a transmission mode in which the uplink transmission data is transmitted to a central node apparatus such that the uplink transmission data is transmitted to the network side apparatus. The electronic apparatus, the central node apparatus and the network side apparatus, the transmission method and the configuration method according to the present disclosure can implement at least one of saving network resources, reducing signaling overhead, and reducing power loss.

Particular embodiments described herein provide for a system for enabling the communication of a large message using multiple network interface controllers (NICs). The system can be configured to determine that a message to communicate to a receiver over a network is above a threshold, determine a plurality of NICs to be used to communicate the message, create a manifest that includes an identifier of each of the plurality of NICs, and communicate the manifest to the receiver using a multi-unit message. In an example, the multi-unit message is communicated using a PUT command and the receiver can analyze the manifest and use a GET command to pull the message from the plurality of NICs.

A bandwidth efficient way to improve reliability without introducing additional latency is provided for Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) service in 5G NR. In particular, using rateless fountain codes in conjunction with packet duplication for split bearers at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer increases the reliability of transmission without the need for retransmissions, and with a lower bandwidth requirement compared to traditional packet duplication.

Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for reducing the size of packet headers without reducing the range of packet lengths supported. A packet header includes a fixed-width length field. Using a linear encoding, the maximum packet size is a linear function of the fixed-width length field. Thus, to expand the range of sizes available, either the granularity of the field must be decreased (e.g., by changing the measure of the field from flits to double-flits) or the size of the field must be increased (e.g., by changing the size of the field from 4 bits to 5 bits). However, by using a non-linear encoding, the difference between the minimum and maximum size can be increased without decreasing the granularity within a first range of field values and without increasing the size of the length field.

An apparatus, a method and a computer program for generating data packets according to a transport protocol from an application buffer comprising a plurality of data streams is provided. The apparatus comprises an input circuit configured to receive metadata comprising at least one of information about data packet types supported by the transport protocol, information about an offset and a length of the supported data packet types, and information about possible stream header start positions, possible payload start positions and possible offsets in the data streams. Further, the apparatus comprises a parsing circuit configured to identify offsets in an application buffer as possible segmentation points based on the metadata, to segment the application buffer at the possible segmentation points into segments for data packets, and to generate data packets according to the transport protocol based on the segments. Furthermore, an apparatus, a method and a computer program for processing the application buffer is provided.

Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for reducing the size of packet headers without reducing the range of packet lengths supported. A packet header includes a fixed-width length field. Using a linear encoding, the maximum packet size is a linear function of the fixed-width length field. Thus, to expand the range of sizes available, either the granularity of the field must be decreased (e.g., by changing the measure of the field from flits to double-flits) or the size of the field must be increased (e.g., by changing the size of the field from 4 bits to 5 bits). However, by using a non-linear encoding, the difference between the minimum and maximum size can be increased without decreasing the granularity within a first range of field values and without increasing the size of the length field.

The disclosed method may include (1) determining a size of a packet received at a network device, (2) identifying, within a plurality of packet policers that track rates of packets with various sizes received at the network device, a packet policer that tracks rates of packets whose sizes are within a range that includes the size of the packet, (3) determining a current rate of packets tracked by the packet policer, and then (4) handling the packet based at least in part on whether the current rate exceeds a threshold rate. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

In one embodiment, a system comprising a network interface controller comprising circuitry to determine per-flow analytics information for a plurality of packet flows; and facilitate differential rate processing of a plurality of packet queues for the plurality of packet flows based on the per-flow analytics information.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for effectively transmitting or receiving paging in a wireless communication system supporting a plurality of services. A method for transmitting paging by a base station in a wireless communication system supporting a plurality of services according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: transmitting information on a paging slice corresponding to a service in which paging is transmitted to a terminal; and transmitting the paging to the terminal through the paging slice.

To provide secure communication over end-to-end data paths or segments of end-to-end paths in a timed deterministic packet network including a plurality of packet engines that perform packet handling, cipher engines are provided separately from the packet engines. The cipher engines are operative to perform at least one cyber security function. A cipher engine and key manager provides central control for the plurality of cipher engines. A centralized packet flow path manager, PFPM, may set up endpoint nodes and intermediate transit nodes of the end-to-end data paths of the packet network.