A playout delay adjustment method includes: adjusting a playout delay surplus based on a difference value between a first playout delay obtained in a first scheme and a second playout delay obtained in a second scheme and determining an adaptation type of a current frame according to whether a previous frame is an active frame; and when the determined adaptation type is signal-based adaptation, performing time scale modification (TSM) according to an adaptation scheme determined according to a comparison result between the first playout delay and the second playout delay and a comparison result between a target delay and the first playout delay.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for discovering dynamic path maximum transmission unit (PMTU) between a sending computing device and a receiving computing device (e.g., a client device and a host device) are described herein. A sending computing device may iteratively transmit bursts of probe packets, each burst being defined by a search range between a maximum packet size and a minimum packet size. The sending computing device may iteratively update the search range based on the previous iteration until the search converges on the PMTU. When the PMTU is discovered, each of the computing devices may update their transport and presentation layer buffers based on the discovered PMTU without any other protocol level disruption. In a multi-path scenario, the computing device may discover PMTU for each of the paths and select a performance optimal path based on the individual PMTUs and other network characteristics such as loss, latency, and throughput.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for discovering dynamic path maximum transmission unit (PMTU) between a sending computing device and a receiving computing device (e.g., a client device and a host device) are described herein. A sending computing device may iteratively transmit bursts of probe packets, each burst being defined by a search range between a maximum packet size and a minimum packet size. The sending computing device may iteratively update the search range based on the previous iteration until the search converges on the PMTU. When the PMTU is discovered, each of the computing devices may update their transport and presentation layer buffers based on the discovered PMTU without any other protocol level disruption. In a multi-path scenario, the computing device may discover PMTU for each of the paths and select a performance optimal path based on the individual PMTUs and other network characteristics such as loss, latency, and throughput.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for discovering dynamic path maximum transmission unit (PMTU) between a sending computing device and a receiving computing device (e.g., a client device and a host device) are described herein. A sending computing device may iteratively transmit bursts of probe packets, each burst being defined by a search range between a maximum packet size and a minimum packet size. The sending computing device may iteratively update the search range based on the previous iteration until the search converges on the PMTU. When the PMTU is discovered, each of the computing devices may update their transport and presentation layer buffers based on the discovered PMTU without any other protocol level disruption. In a multi-path scenario, the computing device may discover PMTU for each of the paths and select a performance optimal path based on the individual PMTUs and other network characteristics such as loss, latency, and throughput.

Various communication systems may benefit from improved random access procedures. For example, it may be helpful to improve random access procedure when changing a coverage enhancement level. A method, according to certain embodiments, may include changing a coverage enhancement level in response to a failure of a random access procedure. The method may also include determining whether early data transmission may be initiated in the changed coverage enhancement level. In addition, the method may include building at a user equipment a protocol data unit corresponding to the changed coverage enhancement level when the early data transmission is initiated in the changed coverage enhancement level. Further, the method may include transmitting the early data from the user equipment to a network entity in the built packet data unit on the changed coverage enhanced level.

A method for correcting a packet of an Internet control message protocol (ICMP), during routing of a packet between a private and a public network having been processed by an application level gateway, includes reading a packet of an ICMP including a “need to fragment” message and the value of a maximum transmission unit defining the maximum size of data packets handled in a communication protocol used by a routing, calculating a value of a processing size by comparing a size of a packet not processed by the integrator of the application level gateway and a size of the same packet processed by the integrator, modifying the packet of an ICMP by overwriting the value of the maximum transmission unit with an actual maximum packet size value which depends on the value of the processing size, sending, to a transmitter having sent the non-processed packet, the packet of an ICMP.

The present invention relates to a method (100) for sending a data packet (430, 440) from a first communication unit (300) of a communication system via a transmission channel that is shared with at least one further communication unit (500). The method (100) comprises determining (110) a current access priority for the shared transmission channel by the first communication unit (300), wherein the current access priority is directed towards data currently transmitted over the transmission channel. The data packet (430, 440) is segmented (120) into packet segments (432, 434), wherein the packet segments (432, 434) have a priority value (410) which corresponds to a priority value (410) of the data packet (430, 440). The method also comprises sending (130) the packet segments (432, 434) from the first communication unit (300) via the shared transmission channel, wherein the packet segments (432, 434) are sent successively depending on the priority value and the current access priority.

Methods and systems for providing files of variable sizes based on device and/or network conditions are described herein. A computer device may convert a file into a first modified file that includes content of the file and a second modified file that includes the content of the file. The first modified file may have a first file size and be associated with a first bandwidth range. The second modified file may have a second file size different from the first file size and be associated with a second bandwidth range different from the first bandwidth range. Based on a bandwidth available to a user device, the first modified file or the second modified file may be provided for download by the user device.

This application provides a method and an apparatus for avoiding packet fragmentation. In the embodiments of this application, when receiving a first service packet sent by a first device, a second device first determines whether a length of the first service packet is greater than that of a first MTU maintained by the second device, where the first MTU is determined based on both a second MTU of an IP link and a packet header encapsulated based on a GTPU tunnel; and when the first service packet is greater than the first MTU size, the first MTU size is sent to the first device. Based on this, in the embodiments of this application, the second device may be prevented from fragmenting a service packet, and the third device may be prevented from reassembling the service packet, thereby improving data transmission efficiency of a GTPU tunnel.

Multi-link operations can provide higher network throughput and improved network flexibility compared to traditional techniques for wireless communication. Embodiments of the present invention provide techniques for simultaneously transmitting frames of an A-MSDU over multiple links in a multi-link operation between wireless devices (e.g., a wireless STA and a wireless AP). The A-MSDU can be aggregated to satisfy capability requirements of the transmitting device and/or the receiving device. Moreover, the A-MSDU can be fragmented, for example, to satisfy an MPDU length requirement of the transmitting device and/or the receiving device. Some embodiments disclosed herein use a virtual mac address of an LLC sublayer interface to define parameters values of an A-MSDU sub-frame header (e.g., SA and DA) for routing the respective frame to the LLC sublayer interface of the receiving device.