In association with a virtual area, a first network connection is established with a first network node present in the virtual area and a second network connection is established with a second network node present in the virtual area. Based on stream routing instructions, a stream router is created between the first network node and the second network node. The stream router includes a directed graph of processing elements operable to receive network data, process the received network data, and output the processed network data. On the first network connection, an input data stream derived from output data generated by the first network node is received in association with the virtual area. The input data stream is processed through the stream router to produce an output data stream. On the second network connection, the output data stream is sent to the second network node.

In certain embodiments, one aspect provides a method of securely distributing multi-tier multimedia contents on the Internet, using Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Blockchain and comprising the steps of: signal processing data splitting phase, converting an original multimedia file into multiple data portions; access control encryption phase, converting each of the multiple data portions into an encrypted data portion and uploading the encrypted data portion to a storage cloud; access control storage phase, storing the encrypted data portion on the storage cloud; access control decryption phase, downloading the encrypted data portion from the storage cloud and reconstructing each of the encrypted data portions into each of said multiple data portions; and signal processing data merging phase, reconstructing appropriate multimedia data content depending on a user's tier level.

An interactive streaming media and application service provider system can securely stream high resolution, multiple formats of video and data. Different data sets can be included in a single stream. A rights management system controls matrix manipulation and other aspects of user control of the data, including one or more of rendering in various different 2D, 3D, or other media formats, reconstruction and modeling, zooming, frame grab, print frame, parental controls, picture in picture, preventing unauthorized copying, adapting to different data transmission formats, adapting to different resolutions and screen sizes, and actively control functionality contained in embedded data, encryption/decryption. Control can be exerted by an external entity through a user-side virtual machine. Control codes can optionally be embedded in the media, embedded in the user's device, and/or sent separately to the device.

A data download method, performed by a computer device. The method includes querying fog node information of a fog node corresponding to target data upon receiving a data download request for the target data, the fog node information comprising a communication protocol type of the fog node; identifying a target fog node from the fog node based on the fog node information; slicing the target data to be downloaded according to the communication protocol type of the target fog node to obtain slice information of a data slice to be downloaded; transmitting a slice download request to the target fog node corresponding to the data slice to be downloaded based on the slice information of the data slice to be downloaded; and obtaining the target data by combining the data slice returned by each target fog node in response to the corresponding slice download request.

A screen projection method and a device, the method including performing, by a controlling device, at least one of sending, based on a reliability transmission protocol, in response to an image frame that is to be sent being an I frame, a data packet that carries the image frame, sending, based on the reliability transmission protocol, in response to the image frame being a P frame that meets a first preset condition, the data packet that carries the image frame, or sending, based on a non-reliability transmission protocol, in response to the image frame being a P frame that does not meet the first preset condition, the data packet that carries the image frame.

Presented are approaches for dynamic modification of the functionality of a RTC session including one or more data streams between participants to the real-time communication session (100). Embodiments of the present invention are therefore directed toward enabling the functionality of a RTC system to be modified, extended and/or improved while it is implementing a RTC session. Exemplary embodiments include: identifying a request for a first algorithm (A1) of a set of algorithms (A1, A2, A3); and dynamically modifying the functionality of the real-time communications session by adding the first algorithm (A1) to the real-time communication session (100) as a virtual participant employing at least one data stream out of the one or more data streams.

A method for creating a low latency DASH (LL-DASH) video stream from a Low latency HLS video stream (LL-HLS) is provided. The LL-HLS video stream corresponding to a live event is retrieved. The LL-HLS video stream is converted to a LL-DASH video stream. This conversion of the LL-DASH stream from the LL-HLS stream provides reformatting without encoding of the LL-DASH stream.

A method and apparatus may be provided for dynamically signaling picture-in-picture video during media streaming. The method may include determining whether video data comprises a first main video stream and a second picture-in-picture video stream based on a first role value associated with the first main video stream and a second role value associated with the second picture-in-picture video stream; determining a preselection descriptor indicating that the second picture-in-picture video stream is selected to be signaled with the first main video stream in the DASH media streaming; merging the first main video stream with the second picture-in-picture video stream as a combined video stream using the preselection descriptor; and updating the preselection descriptor using an update media presentation descriptor (MPD).

Systems and methods for parallel transcoding of media content are provided, where the media content is split into parallel media sub-streams and each media sub-stream is transcoded using one transcoder and then the parallel media sub-streams are merged into a single transcoded stream. The parallel transcoding may be performed by one or more media processing entities as a part of a workflow that includes a splitter task, transcoder tasks, and a merger task, and the one or more media processing entities may be controlled to report states of the tasks.

A method of encapsulating data and a single frequency network configured to perform the method are disclosed. A content stream of data packets is received, and the data packets in the content stream are formatted in accordance with a first protocol. Information identifying a container size established for the content stream is received. The data packets formatted in accordance with the first protocol are fragmented and packed to form data units formatted in accordance with a second protocol, and the data units are sized based on the container size. The data units formatted in accordance with the second protocol are encapsulated to form second protocol data packets. The second protocol data packets are provided to a transmitter that is synchronized to one or more transmitters in a single frequency network so that each transmitter in the single frequency network broadcasts a same signal that includes the second protocol data packets.