A communication device, processing device or method constructs M RLC PDUs including M RLC SDUs, respectively, where M is larger than 1; submits, for a transmission opportunity, only L RLC PDUs for L RLC SDUs with lowest L SNs among the M RLC PDUs to a MAC layer, where L<M and the L RLC PDUs include a first RLC PDU having a poll to trigger status reporting at a receiving device; transmits the L RLC PDUs to the receiving device; constructs a second RLC PDU including a second RLC SDU having a highest SN among SNs of RLC SDUs submitted to the MAC layer, when the poll retransmission timer started upon submitting the first RLC PDU having the poll expires and no new RLC SDU or RLC SDU segment can be transmitted.

A method for Procedure Transaction Identity (PTI) error handling on 5G Session Management (5GSM) procedures is proposed. If a User Equipment (UE) receives a PDU SESSION AUTHENTICATION COMMAND or PDU SESSION AUTHENTICATION RESULT message in which the PTI value is an assigned value, the UE transmits a 5GSM STATUS message including 5GSM cause #81 “invalid PTI value”. If the UE receives a PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT or REJECT message, a PDU SESSION MODIFICATION COMMAND or REJECT message, or a PDU SESSION RELEASE COMMAND or REJECT message in which the PTI value is an unassigned value, the UE ignores the received message. If the UE receives any 5GSM message in which the PTI value is a reserved value, the UE ignores the received 5GSM message.

A method for Procedure Transaction Identity (PTI) error handling on 5G Session Management (5GSM) procedures is proposed. If a User Equipment (UE) receives a PDU SESSION AUTHENTICATION COMMAND or PDU SESSION AUTHENTICATION RESULT message in which the PTI value is an assigned value, the UE transmits a 5GSM STATUS message including 5GSM cause #81 “invalid PTI value”. If the UE receives a PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT or REJECT message, a PDU SESSION MODIFICATION COMMAND or REJECT message, or a PDU SESSION RELEASE COMMAND or REJECT message in which the PTI value is an unassigned value, the UE ignores the received message. If the UE receives any 5GSM message in which the PTI value is a reserved value, the UE ignores the received 5GSM message.

A multi-layered parallel aggregation can be performed on large-scale metric streams using layers of independent host server computers that perform partial aggregations on results of a previous layer and pass a result of the partial aggregation to a next layer of host server computers, until a single host server computer in a last layer can calculate a final output, which is a combination of the partial aggregations. Because every layer is aggregating input streams, the quantity of data exchange lowers as the layer number increases. The number of layers is chosen so as to ensure that data ingested by a last layer is sufficiently manageable that a single host server computer in the last layer can aggregate all of the partial aggregates into a final result.

A multi-layered parallel aggregation can be performed on large-scale metric streams using layers of independent host server computers that perform partial aggregations on results of a previous layer and pass a result of the partial aggregation to a next layer of host server computers, until a single host server computer in a last layer can calculate a final output, which is a combination of the partial aggregations. Because every layer is aggregating input streams, the quantity of data exchange lowers as the layer number increases. The number of layers is chosen so as to ensure that data ingested by a last layer is sufficiently manageable that a single host server computer in the last layer can aggregate all of the partial aggregates into a final result.

Embodiments are presented herein of apparatuses, processors, systems, and methods for performing Quality of Service handling procedures. A wireless device may establish a cellular link that provides access to a fifth generation core network. The wireless device may establish a protocol data unit session with a cellular network entity of the fifth generation core network. The wireless device may determine one or more Quality of Service flow descriptions for the protocol data unit session. The wireless device may perform one or more Quality of Service related modifications to the protocol data unit session.

Embodiments are presented herein of apparatuses, processors, systems, and methods for performing Quality of Service handling procedures. A wireless device may establish a cellular link that provides access to a fifth generation core network. The wireless device may establish a protocol data unit session with a cellular network entity of the fifth generation core network. The wireless device may determine one or more Quality of Service flow descriptions for the protocol data unit session. The wireless device may perform one or more Quality of Service related modifications to the protocol data unit session.

A network slice controller obtains health information of an active network slice provided by a first vendor and health information of a set of backup network slices provided by a second vendor. The network slice controller evaluates, using a set of policies corresponding to management of the active network slice, the health information of the active network slice to determine whether the active network slice has failed. As a result of the failure of the active network slice, the network slice controller identifies one or more backup network slices of the set of backup network slices to serve as new active network slices. The network slice controller activates these one or more backup network slices to serve as the new active network slices for the network.

Embodiments of the present application disclose a method and terminal device for data transmission. The method is applied to a vehicle-to-everything system, and comprises: a terminal device in a first protocol layer determining, according to service information of data to be sent, a transmission mechanism for transmitting the data to be sent. The method and terminal device in the embodiments of the present application enhance data transmission capabilities.

The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding real-time segmentation. The present invention comprises composing, on a first layer, a first layer packet data unit, PDU, having a predetermined length, including a plurality of first layer service data units, SDUs, each of the plurality of first layer SDUs including a header indicating a length of each of the first layer SDUs, and inserting a certain number of the plurality of the first layer SDUs into the first layer PDU corresponding to the predetermined length of the first layer PDU, if it is determined that a last one of the certain number of the plurality of first layer SDUs does not fit completely into the first layer PDU, segmenting the last one of the certain number of the plurality of first layer SDUs according to the predetermined length of the first layer PDU, and inserting a first part of the segmented first layer SDU into the first layer PDU, wherein the header indicates the length of the first layer.