Embodiments of this application provide a roaming method. The method includes: A terminal device obtains information about a first PLMN, where a dynamic roaming agreement exists between the first PLMN and a second PLMN. If the terminal device cannot access the second PLMN, the terminal device sends an access request to the first PLMN based on the information about the first PLMN. The dynamic roaming agreement exists between the first PLMN and the second PLMN.

Embodiments of this application provide a roaming method. The method includes: A terminal device obtains information about a first PLMN, where a dynamic roaming agreement exists between the first PLMN and a second PLMN. If the terminal device cannot access the second PLMN, the terminal device sends an access request to the first PLMN based on the information about the first PLMN. The dynamic roaming agreement exists between the first PLMN and the second PLMN.

Embodiments of this application provide a roaming method. The method includes: A terminal device accesses a second PLMN when the terminal device cannot access a first PLMN, where a dynamic roaming agreement between the second PLMN and the first PLMN is enabled; the terminal device receives indication information from the second PLMN, where the indication information is used to indicate to disable the dynamic roaming agreement between the second PLMN and the first PLMN; and the terminal device sends an access request message to the first PLMN based on the indication information.

Embodiments of this application provide a roaming method. The method includes: A terminal device accesses a second PLMN when the terminal device cannot access a first PLMN, where a dynamic roaming agreement between the second PLMN and the first PLMN is enabled; the terminal device receives indication information from the second PLMN, where the indication information is used to indicate to disable the dynamic roaming agreement between the second PLMN and the first PLMN; and the terminal device sends an access request message to the first PLMN based on the indication information.

A wireless communication network wirelessly receives a device Identifier (ID), network ID, and capability ID from a wireless user device. In response to the network ID, the wireless communication network transfers the device ID to the other communication network. The wireless communication network receives an authorization for the wireless user device from the other communication network. In response to the authorization, the wireless communication network wirelessly serves the wireless user device based on the capability ID. The wireless communication network transfers the capability ID used by the wireless user device to the other communication network in response to serving the wireless user device based on the capability ID.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. The present disclosure relates to method for managing Steering of Roaming (SoR) information in a User Equipment (UE) (110). The method includes receiving the SoR information from a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) (107) and storing a first portion of the SoR information.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. The present disclosure relates to method for managing Steering of Roaming (SoR) information in a User Equipment (UE) (110). The method includes receiving the SoR information from a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) (107) and storing a first portion of the SoR information.

Methods and systems for recovering from SOR failures are provided. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprises detecting a steering of roaming (SOR) failure during registering with a first visitor-public land mobile network (VPLMN) or after registration with the first VPLMN, wherein the UE operates in a manual mode; switching the manual mode to an automatic mode based on a determination that the SOR failure occurs; and performing PLMN selection procedure to obtain service on a second VPLMN which is a higher priority than the first VPLMN.

Methods and systems for recovering from SOR failures are provided. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprises detecting a steering of roaming (SOR) failure during registering with a first visitor-public land mobile network (VPLMN) or after registration with the first VPLMN, wherein the UE operates in a manual mode; switching the manual mode to an automatic mode based on a determination that the SOR failure occurs; and performing PLMN selection procedure to obtain service on a second VPLMN which is a higher priority than the first VPLMN.

A mobile device (UE) may access standalone non-public networks (SNPNs) in various different locations as equivalent SNPNs (eSNPNs) corresponding to a home SNPN of the device. The device may obtain a list of eSNPNs corresponding to the home SNPN, and may access a second SNPN at a location different from a location of the home SNPN, in response to identifying the second SNPN and the list including the second SNPN as an eSNPN corresponding to the home SNPN of the device. The eSNPNs may include roaming eSNPNs (ReSNPNs) for accessing an enterprise NPN globally and/or at various different locations. The eSNPN/ReSNPN list may be maintained in a new network identifier management function (NMF). NPNs may be implemented as network slice instances (NSIs) via identifying data in the single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI). Multiple credentialed SNPNs of a UE may be prioritized for access by the UE.