A core network device of a telecommunications network can receive a first request from a consumer network function (NF) and forward the first request to a first provider NF. The device can subsequently detect a violation by the first provider NF of a response criterion. The device can receive a second request and forward the second request to a second, different provider NF in response to the violation. In some examples, the device can later detect that the first provider NF has satisfied the response criterion with respect to a third request. The device can modify load data to increase the proportion of subsequent requests for which the first provider NF is selected. The device can select provider NFs based on the load data. In some examples, a system can include a network registry device that selects NFs based on violation indications received from the core network device.

The present invention relates to a method for offloading traffic by means of wireless LAN in a mobile communications system and apparatus therefor, and more particularly to a method for a terminal to offload traffic at a bearer level, and to a base station communicating with the terminal. The method for a terminal to offload traffic according to the present invention includes the steps of: while performing a data communication with a base station through a bearer of a first communications network, receiving from the base station an offloading command for offloading a part of traffic to a second communications network; transmitting a report of the offloading to the base station in response to the offloading command; and performing a data communication of the partial traffic with an accessible AP through a bearer of the second communications network without releasing the bearer of the first communications network.

Wireless communications systems and methods related to communicating control information are provided. A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless node may include receiving, from a network node of a first network operator, a first consideration for shared spectrum resources, receiving, from a network node of a second network operator, a second consideration for the shared spectrum resources, and transmitting an indication of a resource allocation to at least one of the network node of the first network operator or the network node of the second network operator. The resource allocation for the shared spectrum resources may be based on the first consideration and the second consideration.

A network node includes a receiving unit that receives a message of a higher layer from a user equipment, a control unit that determines a higher network node to which the message of the higher layer is to be transmitted from a plurality of higher network nodes that terminate and split a higher layer, and a transmitting unit that transmits the message of the higher layer to the determined higher network node.

A method of handling multi-access (MA) Protocol data unit (PDU) session under inter-system change is proposed. An MA PDU session uses one 3GPP access network or one non-3GPP access network at a time, or simultaneously one 3GPP access network and one non-3GPP access network. The UE and network can support Access Traffic Steering Switching and Splitting (ATSSS) functionalities to distribute traffic over 3GPP access and non-3GPP access for the established MA PDU session. Upon intersystem change from 5GS to EPS over the 3GPP access, if interworking with EPS is not supported, the MA PDU session is maintained in 5GS over the non-3GPP access type. Data traffic over of the MA PDU session over the 3GPP access type is transferred to the non-3GPP access type.

Example embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for a fifth generation (5G) cloud-native wireless telecommunication network operated by a mobile network operator (MNO) implemented on a public cloud of a cloud computing service provider. Such a method may include the MNO operating telecommunication network functions (NFs) of the 5G wireless telecommunication network running within the public cloud. An indication may be received that one or more of the NFs of the 5G wireless telecommunication network running within the public cloud has a requirement to connect to another communication service provider (CSP) network different than the 5G cloud-native wireless telecommunication network operated by the MNO. Based on the indication, the system causes an autonomous system number (ASN) of the MNO to be used for network traffic from the one or more NFs to the other CSP network instead of an ASN of the cloud computing service providers.

Provided in one embodiment of the present specification is a method by which a UE performs communication related to traffic control. The method may comprise steps in which: the UE transmits, to an SMF node, capability information related to supporting validity criteria for ATSSS rules; the UE receives one or more ATSSS rules from the SMF node; and the UE applies the one or more ATSSS rules.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE). The method generally includes receiving a request for a wireless connection from an application associated with one or more user equipment (UE) route selection policy (URSP) rules, attempting to establish the wireless connection for the application via a first subscriber identity module (SIM) according to one or more of the URSP rules associated with the application that are supported by the first SIM, and taking one or more actions to establish the wireless connection for the application via a second SIM if the attempt to establish the wireless connection for the application via the first SIM fails.

Methods and systems for providing an enhanced proximity services. The method includes monitoring, by a proximity controller provisioned in a preferred network, dual subscriber identification module (SIM) dual subscriber (DSDS) devices operating in the preferred network, detecting, by the proximity controller, a DSDS device operating in a non-preferred network, wherein the DSDS devices and the DSDS device are configured to switchably operate in one of the preferred network or the non-preferred network based on coverage, locating, by the proximity controller, from the monitored DSDS devices a DSDS device proximate to the DSDS device operating in the non-preferred network, and enabling, by the proximity controller, the proximate DSDS device and the DSDS device operating in the non-preferred network to establish a sidelink communication channel between the proximate DSDS device and the DSDS device operating in the non-preferred network for offloading data communications from the non-preferred network to the preferred network.

Methods, systems, and computer readable media for reporting a reserved load to a network function in a communications network are disclosed. One method includes determining, by a NF service producer, a current compute load metric value for the NF service producer operating in a communications network and detecting a number of active sessions supported at the NF service producer. The method further includes deriving a reserved compute load metric value corresponding to a predicted number of subsequent service requests at the NF service producer based on the number of active sessions and a predictive reserved load percentage value and calculating an adjusted reported compute load metric value amounting to a sum of the current compute load metric value and the reserved compute load metric value.