A radio terminal according to an embodiment comprises: a controller configured to control traffic steering between an Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The controller is configured to control traffic steering from the E-UTRAN to the WLAN or from the WLAN to the E-UTRAN according to at least one of a first scheme and a second scheme. The radio terminal further comprises a receiver configured to receive, from the E-UTRAN, first assistance information to be used to determine whether the radio terminal executes the traffic steering in the first scheme. The first assistance information is broadcasted by the E-UTRAN. The receiver is configured to receive, from the E-UTRAN, WLAN configuration information including a list of identifiers of the WLAN and a timer value indicating a period over which the WLAN configuration information should be held.

A system and method for bandwidth management for a Host Network Operator (HNO) is disclosed. The method including: providing shared beams shared by two or more of a plurality of Virtual Network Operators (VNOs), wherein each VNO has a subscription including a global bandwidth limit applicable for a flow control epoch for each VNO and a terminal subscription for each terminal associated with the respective VNO; aggregating, in the current flow control epoch, a demand and the terminal subscriptions of active terminals per shared beam per VNO; distributing, for each shared beam per VNO, the aggregated demand and active terminal subscriptions into a distribution bandwidth per shared beam per VNO, wherein the distribution bandwidth is based on the respective global bandwidth limit of the respective VNO; and proportionally balancing, for each shared beam, an oversubscription of the distribution bandwidths per shared beam per VNO based on the proportionalities of the global bandwidth limit of each VNO subscribing to the shared beam, to provide a proportional distribution bandwidth per shared beam per VNO.

A mechanism is provided for traffic classification based on service function chain (SPC) rules in a visiting public land mobile network (V-PLMN) in case of local breakout roaming scenarios. The SPC rules provisioned in the H-PLMN are provided to functions in the V-PLMN which would use the local configuration and traffic conditions to map the rules to a service function path (SFP).

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for establishing a dual third generation partnership project (3 GPP) access protocol data unit (PDU) session. An example method performed by a user equipment includes selecting a first access link for a protocol data unit (PDU) session, selecting a second access link based on the first access link, and establishing the PDU session based on the selected first access link and the second access link.

Various communication systems may benefit from the appropriate aggregation of multiple radio access technologies. For example, certain communication systems may benefit from optimized signaling for wireless local area network and third generation partnership projection aggregation. A method can include determining, by a network element, which parameters according to a first standard are also applicable according to a second standard for aggregation and/or interworking. The method can also include indicating the determined parameters to a user equipment.

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method by which a first entity performs a policy control function (PCF) in a wireless communication system, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprises the steps of: sensing the need for determination of a policy control function with respect to the first entity; transmitting a data analysis information request message for determination of the policy control function to a second entity performing a network data analytics function (NWDAF) on the basis of the sensing result; receiving data analysis information from the second entity; and determining the policy control function on the basis of the data analysis information, wherein the data analysis information is determined on the basis of a data access type.

A control apparatus (10) includes: a receiving unit (11) configured to receive a request to lend a first resource of a mobile communication network (N1) to a certain operator; a control unit (12) configured to determine whether or not lending of the first resource to the certain operator should be permitted based on the request received by the receiving unit; and a transmitting unit (13) configured to transmit, to a relay apparatus (20) of the mobile communication network, a command for allocating the first resource to the certain operator when the lending is permitted by the control unit.

A communication method and apparatus are provided, to improve a success rate of application context transfer. According to the method, a source EES may obtain information about at least one group of target EASs from a first target EES based on first information. The information about the at least one group of target EASs is determined based on information about a group of EASs. Therefore, when a plurality of EASs serve a terminal device, the source EES performs application context transfer based on information about a group of target EASs, to improve a success rate of application context transfer.

Systems and methods are presented for effectively sharing a plurality of radio transceiver chains between a Backhaul link and a Radio Access Network (RAN), in which there is a wireless Base Station (BS) with some number of radio transceiver chains, the system initially allocates such chains between the Backhaul link and the RAN according to some criterion, the system dynamically monitors the performance of the Backhaul link and RAN to detect any deficiencies in desired levels of performance, and the system then reallocates the radio transceiver chains between the Backhaul link and the RAN in a manner calculated to help achieve the desired levels of performance. Optionally and in various embodiments, the digital signals to and from the Backhaul link, or to and from the RAN, may be MIMO signals, MRC signals, MMSE signals, or ML signals.

An apparatus performs in parallel a first communication conforming to a first wireless communication method and a second communication conforming to a second wireless communication method by distributing transmission data to the first communication and the second communication so that first and second transmission data are distributed to the first and second communications, respectively. The apparatus detects an unallocated data amount indicating an amount of a first portion of the first transmission data that is different from a second portion of the first transmission data that is allocated to wireless resources of the first communication. The apparatus controls, based on the detected unallocated data amount, a ratio of an amount of the first transmission data distributed to the first communication, to a total amount of transmission data distributed to both the first and second communications.