Hybrid use of dual policies is provided to improve a communication system. In a multiple access scenario, when an inactive user equipment (UE) transitions to an active state, it may be become a burden to a radio cell on which it was previously camping. In some embodiments, hybrid load balancing is provided using a hierarchical machine learning paradigm based on reinforcement learning in which an LSTM generates a goal for one policy influencing cell reselection so that another policy influencing handover over active UEs can be assisted. The communication system as influenced by the policies is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). The policies controlling the active UEs and inactive UEs are coupled, and measureable system characteristics are improved. In some embodiments, policy actions depend at least in part on energy saving.

A method of operating a first device 100 in a wireless communication system is proposed. The method may include: receiving, from a second device 200, an inter UE coordination (IUC) request; triggering an IUC information report based on the IUC request; generating a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) including an IUC report MAC control element (CE), based on logical channel prioritization (LCP), wherein in a procedure related to the LCP: a priority of the IUC report MAC CE is lower than a priority of data from a sidelink control channel (SCCH) and a priority of a MAC CE for an SL channel state information (CSI) report; and the priority of the IUC report MAC CE is higher than a priority of an SL discontinuous reception (DRX) command MAC CE and a priority of data from a sidelink traffic channel (STCH).

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) with branching point (BP) or uplink classifier (ULCL) on the path. The method may include, setting up, in response to a request, a first user plane function with multi-access traffic steering functionality. The method may also include requesting a user equipment to establish a new multi-access packet data unit session to a same data network name and slice as an old multi-access packet data unit session, or request the user equipment to release the old multi-access packet data unit session with a second user plane function and to initiate a multi-access packet data unit session re-establishment. The method may further include sending, to the user equipment, multi-access rules for the new multi-access packet data unit session, a new internet protocol address, and new multipath transmission control protocol proxy information.

The present disclosure provides connection management techniques based on graph neural networks (GNN) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to optimize user association and load balancing. A graph structure of a communication network is considered for the GNN architecture and DRL is used to learn parameters of the GNN algorithm/model. Connection management is defined as a combinatorial graph optimization problem, and the DRL mechanism uses the underlying graph to learn weights of the GNN for an optimal user connections or associations. The connection management techniques can consider local network features to make better decisions to balance network traffic load while network throughput is also maximized. Implementations are provided based on edge computing frameworks include the Open RAN (O-RAN) architecture. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

An information handling system includes a publisher device and an offload device. Multiple subscriber devices are associated with the publisher device. The offload device communicates with the publisher device. The offload device receives a packet transmission from the publisher device, and translates a topic address of the packet transmission to multiple destination addresses. The offload device sends the packet transmission to each of the subscriber devices. Each of the subscriber devices is associated with a corresponding destination address of the multiple destination address. The offload device receives one or more acknowledgements from the subscriber devices, and combines the one or more acknowledgements into a composite completion message. The offload device sends the composite completion message to the publisher device.

A user equipment (UE) includes an access performance acquisition circuit and a wireless communication circuit. The access performance acquisition circuit acquires performance of a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) access and performance of a non-3GPP access. The wireless communication circuit determines a non-network-decided access traffic steering, switching and splitting (ATSSS) policy according to the performance of the 3GPP access and the performance of the non-3GPP access.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. An integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node may include a first component for communications with a parent node and a second component for communications with a child node. The IAB node may perform a first channel access procedure for a first fixed frame period associated with the first component. The IAB node may perform a second channel access procedure for a second fixed frame period associated with the second component, the second fixed frame period staggered in time with respect to the first fixed frame period in accordance with an offset. The IAB node may communicate with one or more wireless devices during a first channel occupancy time associated with the first fixed frame period, during a second channel occupancy time associated with the second fixed frame period, or a combination thereof based on performing the channel access procedures.

Techniques for traffic steering are disclosed. A first signal characteristic of a first connection between an electronic device and a first wireless communications network is determined. A second signal characteristic of a second connection between the electronic device and a second wireless communications network is also determined. Based on the first signal characteristic and the second signal characteristic, the electronic device is prevented from attempting to establish the second connection until one or more establishment criteria are met.

A session management function (SMF) receives, from a user plane function (UPF), a data notification message for a multi access packet data unit (MA PDU) session. The data notification message comprises access information associated with a child session of the MA PDU session. The access information indicates an access type and an identifier of a session between the SMF and the UPF associated with the MA PDU session. The SMF determines to activate the child session of the MA PDU session based on the data notification message. The SMF sends, to an access and mobility management function (AMF), based on the determining, a request indicating activation of a user plane connection via the access type. The SMF sends, to the UPF, a session modification request indicating activation of the user plane connection.

A telecommunications network may adjust service (e.g., data rate) to UE devices within an adjustable zone (AZ) that includes at least two types of coverage (e.g., 4G and 5G), depending on services being utilized by the UE devices and current network conditions of the telecommunications network. When a UE device enters the AZ, the services utilized by the UE device are determined. For instance, if the UE device is moving within the AZ, and the LTE is congested, the data rate for the device may be reduced. If the LTE network is not in a heavy loaded condition and the UE device is utilizing an Enhanced Mobile Broadband (EMBB) service, the AZ can be reduced or disabled. Further, the device data rate can be reduced for different services in the AZ to keep more devices in NR coverage.