Techniques for determining a registration area are provided. A network entity may receive one or more indications of topology information from one or more radio access network nodes. Each indication of topology information is related to one or more tracking areas and each tracking area is associated with one or more cells in a radio access network served by each of the one or more radio access network nodes. The network entity may determine a registration area based at least in part on the received one or more indications of topology information related to the one or more tracking areas.

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for conditional handovers. In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method including sending, by a first node serving a user equipment, a message to a second node, the message including an indication of whether a conditional cell change is prohibited at the second node; and receiving, by the first node, an acknowledgment in response to the message.

A method includes determining, by a source base station, based on at least one of a measurement report received from a terminal device and a mobility trajectory of the terminal device, a prepared cell list that includes a set of cells where the terminal device is capable of handover. The method includes sending at least one required context for the handover to the set of cells in the prepared cell list. The method also includes receiving acknowledgement from the set of cells. The method further includes sending a handover complete message, which contains the prepared cell list, to the terminal device. The prepared cell list provides a capability for the terminal device to make a number of handovers when the terminal device is within a coverage area of the set of cells.

In a cell handover method and apparatus, first network device of a first cell obtains user information of a terminal device, and then the first network device may determine handover information based on the user information and running information of the first network device, so that after the first network device sends an RRC message including the handover information to the terminal device, the terminal device may perform N consecutive cell handovers based on the handover information. In the N cell handovers, the first network device only needs to obtain the user information once, to configure handover conditions for the N subsequent handovers in advance at a time. This simplifies a network signaling procedure, reduces network overheads, and reduces handover response time. The embodiments of this disclosure are applicable to a network handover in a satellite scenario.

Facilitating unified mobility management for metaverse and physical worlds in advanced networks is provided herein. Operations of a system include determining a change has occurred to a service parameter of a user equipment executing a metaverse experience. The metaverse experience can include a combination of first usage of a first resource selected from a first group of resources associated with a physical world and second usage of a second resource selected from a second group of resources associated with a virtual world. The operations can also include executing a mobility management microservice for the user equipment, wherein the mobility management microservice is selected based on a type of the change to the service parameter.

Embodiments include methods for beam-level mobility load balancing, MLB, in a radio access network, RAN. Optionally, such methods include receiving (1810) measurement reports from a plurality of user equipment, each measurement report comprising radio measurements related to a source beam associated with a source node and target beams associated with one or more target nodes. Such methods include exchanging (1820) beam-level load information with the target nodes and, based on the beam-level load information and (optionally) the reports, selecting (1830) one or more target beams, associated with a particular target node, for MLB operations with the source beam. Such methods include transmitting (1840), to the particular target node, a request including one or more handover offsets to be applied during MLB operations between a group of source beams associated with the source node, including the source beam, and a group of target beams associated with the particular target node, including the selected target beams.

Systems, methods and apparatus are disclosed for handling conditional handover configurations by wireless devices and network nodes. An example method performed by a wireless device includes receiving and storing one or more conditional handover configurations associated with a target cell candidate. The wireless device transitions from a connected state to a sleeping state, where the transition includes discarding the conditional handover configurations. The wireless device releases resources associated with the conditional handover configurations and performs clean up actions relating to conditional handover. An example method performed by a network node includes providing, to a user equipment, one or more conditional handover configurations that are associated with a target cell candidate. The network node transmits, to the user equipment, a message to transition from a connected state to a sleeping state. After transmitting the message, the network node discards the conditional handover configurations.

Because of the line-of-sight character of optical wireless communication and a limited field-of-view of optical receivers, the coverage of an access point and the overlapping coverage area of adjacent access points in an optical system are smaller as compared to a RF system. It turns more challenging to support an end point (110) to roam securely in an optical multi-cell wireless communication network. To speed up the derivation of a new pairwise transient key with a new access point during a handover procedure, the end point of this invention comprises a controller (118) that is configured to act as a second supplicant (1181), on behalf of a first supplicant (1186) comprised in a host processor (1185), to communicate with an authenticator to establish a new pairwise transient key for the end point (110) and a candidate access point, and an active pairwise transient key with the currently associated access point is used to secure the communication for new key derivation.

A terminal control method comprises: when a first base station receives a service request of a predetermined service sent by a terminal, sending a pre-handover request carrying a predetermined service identifier to the second base station, such that the second base station returns pre-handover success information, wherein the second base station stores first base station configuration information; when the first base station receives the pre-handover success information, sending a handover command to the terminal such that the terminal accesses the second base station and sends terminal capability information; when the first base station does not support the predetermined service and the terminal does not support the predetermined service in a communication system to which the first base station belongs, the second base station controls the terminal to always access the second base station according to the predetermined service identifier, the first base station configuration information and the terminal capability information.

Disclosed are a method for processing a loss of access wherein a first network entity of a first network determines, from a measurement report of a terminal operating by SCM or TSCM, a loss of access of the terminal to the first network, and notifies a second network entity of the loss of access, and a method for processing a loss of access wherein, when the loss of access of the terminal is received, the second network entity processes the loss of access according to whether a condition for dropping a loss of access is satisfied.