A method of handling multi-access (MA) Protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure for adding a 3GPP PDN leg to an MA PDU session already established with a non-3GPP leg is proposed. In one novel aspect, for a 5GS MA PDU session already established on non-3GPP access, upon receipt of an ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message for establishing a PDN connection as a user-plane resource for the MA PDU session over 3GPP access, the UE sends an ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REJECT message if any value of at least one of the critical parameters, including the PDN type, ESM cause, PDN address, S-NSSAI, SSC mode (set to SSC mode 1), and APN IEs in the ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message does not match/sync/compatible to the corresponding stored value of the MA PDU session with a non-3GPP leg.

A method of handling multi-access (MA) Protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure for an MA PDU session already established with a 3GPP PDN leg is proposed. In one novel aspect, for a 5GS MA PDU session already established on 3GPP access via an EPS PDN connection, upon receipt of a PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT message over non-3GPP access, the UE performs a local release of the MA PDU session if any value of at least one of the critical MA PDU session parameters, including the PDU session type, selected SSC mode, 5GSM cause, PDU address, S-NSSAI, and DNN IEs in the PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT message is different-from/un-sync/not-matched/not-compatible-with the corresponding stored value of the MA PDU session mapped from the (default EPS bearer of the) PDN connection. The UE also performs a REGISTRATION procedure over non-3GPP access and a TAU procedure over 3GPP access.

Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method and apparatus and a terminal. The method includes: performing, by a terminal, a first action according to first information, where the first action is that at least one user module of the terminal transmits a same piece of application data through a plurality of connections.

Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method and apparatus and a terminal. The method includes: performing, by a terminal, a first action according to first information, where the first action is that at least one user module of the terminal transmits a same piece of application data through a plurality of connections.

A forwarding method and system for data broadcast reduction in a Vehicle Named Data Networking (VNDN) is proposed. The method includes (a) setting name centrality (NameCent) count data with respect to an interest packet received by a node of the VNDN; (b) measuring, by a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a power level of signal received from an access point (AP) or any other vehicle in wireless communication; (c) calculating a weight of the interest packet for a data forwarder in a current node or a previous node based on the name centrality (NameCent) count data and signal strength measured by the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI); and (d) determining a potential forwarder of a data packet by comparison of variables of the weight calculated in step (c).

A forwarding method and system for data broadcast reduction in a Vehicle Named Data Networking (VNDN) is proposed. The method includes (a) setting name centrality (NameCent) count data with respect to an interest packet received by a node of the VNDN; (b) measuring, by a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a power level of signal received from an access point (AP) or any other vehicle in wireless communication; (c) calculating a weight of the interest packet for a data forwarder in a current node or a previous node based on the name centrality (NameCent) count data and signal strength measured by the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI); and (d) determining a potential forwarder of a data packet by comparison of variables of the weight calculated in step (c).

Methods and systems for Radio Access Network (RAN) aggregation of multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs). A method disclosed herein includes aggregating the RATs at a RAN level to provide at least one User Equipment (UE) with multi-connectivity. The method further includes enabling at least one Centralized unit (gNodeB-CU) within at least one RAN node to uniformly control Distributed Units (DUs) of different RATs (5G New Radio (NR) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) RATs). The method further includes enabling the at least one gNB-CU to control the at least one UE and allow the at least one UE to connect with an additional RAT irrespective of an initial RAT, the UE is connected to. The method further includes controlling WLAN Access Point (AP) as a 5G distributed unit (gNB-DU).

Methods and systems for Radio Access Network (RAN) aggregation of multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs). A method disclosed herein includes aggregating the RATs at a RAN level to provide at least one User Equipment (UE) with multi-connectivity. The method further includes enabling at least one Centralized unit (gNodeB-CU) within at least one RAN node to uniformly control Distributed Units (DUs) of different RATs (5G New Radio (NR) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) RATs). The method further includes enabling the at least one gNB-CU to control the at least one UE and allow the at least one UE to connect with an additional RAT irrespective of an initial RAT, the UE is connected to. The method further includes controlling WLAN Access Point (AP) as a 5G distributed unit (gNB-DU).

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to single-radio multi-channel medium access. A device may detect that a primary channel is occupied by a transmission of a first packet by a neighboring station device in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS). The device may detect that a secondary channel is idle. The device may select the secondary channel for packet transmission while the primary channel is occupied by the first packet. The device may cause to send a second packet to a first station device using the secondary channel.

A communication apparatus controls, while carrying out wireless communication, the ongoing wireless communication based on country information acquired via other wireless communication.