A capability interaction method and a related device capable of enabling a network device to learn about capability information of an adjacent network device. The method comprises: obtaining capability information of at least one adjacent network device and/or at least one adjacent cell; and determining, on the basis of the capability information of the adjacent network device and/or at least one adjacent cell, a configuration of a radio resource for at least one terminal device.

Example communications systems, methods and network devices are described. One example method includes sending a first message by a first access network device to a core network device to enable the core network device to send a second message to a second access network device, where the first message includes an identity of the second network device. The first message is used to request for X2 transport network layer (TNL) configuration information of a third network device, and the third network device is a network device that has established an X2 connection to the second network device. The first network device receives the X2 TNL configuration information of the third access network device from the second access network device. Therefore, a network device connected to a control plane of a core network can obtain TNL addresses of more network devices that are not connected to the control plane of the core network.

Example communications systems, methods and network devices are described. One example method includes sending a first message by a first access network device to a core network device to enable the core network device to send a second message to a second access network device, where the first message includes an identity of the second network device. The first message is used to request for X2 transport network layer (TNL) configuration information of a third network device, and the third network device is a network device that has established an X2 connection to the second network device. The first network device receives the X2 TNL configuration information of the third access network device from the second access network device. Therefore, a network device connected to a control plane of a core network can obtain TNL addresses of more network devices that are not connected to the control plane of the core network.

A method for initializing an electronic subscriber identity module (SIM) is provided. The method includes selecting a first bootstrap profile out of a plurality of bootstrap profiles configured with a device, wherein the first bootstrap profile is set with a first range of international mobile subscriber identifiers (IMSIs); activating the first bootstrap profile; attempting to connect to a first cellular network through an IMSI in the range of IMSIs; and establishing a connection with a central server when the device is connected to the first cellular network. The method may be operated by any device configured to connected to a cellular network.

Prioritizing air interface resource allocation for relay nodes serving end-user wireless devices with higher bandwidth capabilities, such as 5G and beyond, versus relay nodes serving end-user wireless devices that do not have such capabilities. The bandwidth capability can be based on an average or threshold bandwidth capability of end-user wireless devices. Systems and methods disclosed are implemented in 5G EN-DC heterogeneous networks.

An eNB (100A) performs dual connectivity with a UE (200). The eNB (100A) receives a report that the UE (200) has from the UE (200) during the dual connectivity, and transmits, to the UE (200), a message including designation information that designates at least one of a first radio access technology or a second radio access technology as a transmission target of the report.

An eNB (100A) performs dual connectivity with a UE (200). The eNB (100A) receives a report that the UE (200) has from the UE (200) during the dual connectivity, and transmits, to the UE (200), a message including designation information that designates at least one of a first radio access technology or a second radio access technology as a transmission target of the report.

Embodiments are presented herein of apparatuses, systems, and methods for a user equipment device (UE) and/or cellular network to perform to perform capability updates. Under at least some circumstances, the UE may use a non-cellular (e.g., non-3GPP) access to transmit updated capability information to a cellular network. Elements of the core of the cellular network may provide an identifier corresponding to the updated capability information to the UE for use in future registrations with the cellular network. Further, the core network may provide the updated capability information to a cellular radio access network associated the cellular network. The UE and the cellular network may communicate according to the updated capability.

Embodiments are presented herein of apparatuses, systems, and methods for a user equipment device (UE) and/or cellular network to perform to perform capability updates. Under at least some circumstances, the UE may use a non-cellular (e.g., non-3GPP) access to transmit updated capability information to a cellular network. Elements of the core of the cellular network may provide an identifier corresponding to the updated capability information to the UE for use in future registrations with the cellular network. Further, the core network may provide the updated capability information to a cellular radio access network associated the cellular network. The UE and the cellular network may communicate according to the updated capability.

This application provides an inter-system handover method and a communication apparatus, and may be applied to an inter-system handover scenario. In a handover process, a source access network device may provide a target access network device with an identity of a terminal device. When determining to add the source access network device as a secondary access network device, the target access network device may send, to the source access network device, a request message for adding a secondary access network device that carries the identity of the terminal device.