Techniques for dynamic adjustment of the frequency offset and timing advance for a UE in a non-terrestrial (NTN) are described. Details of Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) and Downlink Control Information (DCI) based methods for indicating the timing and/or frequency adjustment commands either separately or jointly in the presence of delay and/or Doppler variations in NTN are provided. A terminal, also known as a user equipment (UE), can use DCI or MAC signaling to update the timing and frequency adjustment in presence of delay and Doppler variations in NTN. Further, a configurable MAC-CE design is provided for indicating commands related to timing and/or frequency adjustment. Procedures are also provided to report, during a random access procedure, the timing and frequency adjustment applied in preamble transmission.

A downlink interference is dynamically suppressed in a multi-feeder link of a same frequency between an aerial-floating type communication relay apparatus and plural gateway (GW) stations with a simple configuration. A plurality of pilot signals, which are spectrally spread using a plurality of spread codes orthogonal to each other, are transmitted and received between the relay communication station of the aerial-staying type communication relay apparatus and plural GW stations, a propagation path response between plural GW stations and an antenna for feeder link of the communication relay apparatus in a transmission signal band of the feeder link is estimated based on reception results in which the plural pilot signals are spectrally inverse-spread, plural weights respectively corresponding to the plural of GW stations are calculated based on the plural propagation path responses, and with respect to each of the plural GW stations, a signal to be transmitted and received via a directional beam corresponding to another GW station is multiplied by the weight corresponding to the other GW station and subtracted from a signal to be transmitted and received via the directional beam corresponding to the GW station.

This application provides a method and an apparatus for updating a timing offset, and is particularly applicable to an NTN network such as satellite communication. The terminal side method includes: A terminal receives a timing offset difference ΔKoffset, and updates a timing offset based on the ΔKoffset to obtain an updated timing offset. The network side method includes: A network device determines a timing offset difference ΔKoffset, and sends the ΔKoffset to a terminal device, wherein the ΔKoffset is used for the terminal device to update a timing offset.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for allocation of contention based data transmission (CBDT) resource blocks in a non-terrestrial network. The method comprises: determining if the CBDT resource blocks are to be configured for allocation to a plurality of user equipments (UEs) based on at least one of a plurality of parameters. The method comprises determining if a fixed number of CBDT resource blocks from the CBDT resource blocks are to be used for the allocation based on the determination using at least one of the plurality of parameters. The method comprises allocating a number of CBDT resource blocks in one of a fixed manner or a dynamic manner, wherein the number of CBDT resource blocks are allocated in the fixed manner, based on the fixed numbers of CBDT resource blocks being used for the allocation, and the number of CBDT resource blocks are allocated in the dynamic manner, based on the fixed numbers of CBDT resource blocks not being used for the allocation.

A self-organizing mesh network and protocol, herein identified as the HSN Mesh or Self-Expanding Mesh (SEM), enables dynamic addition and subtraction of mesh nodes by allowing nodes to claim a conflict-free slot for transmission. Slot allocation will not be fixed or predetermined and will be performed in a decentralized manner that suits the existing SEM mesh structure which does not have any strict hierarchy or central coordinator nodes. The dynamic slot allocation strategy will allow the seamless expansion of the mesh. The disclosed self-organizing mesh is: a distributed self organizing mobile mesh network; highly reliable and resilient mesh through redundant connections and built in self-discovery; and a peer to peer network with flat hierarchy, meaning no need for central hub or coordinator node. Distributed slot reusability ensures efficient slot allocation. synchronized mesh allows to deploy time critical applications

Methods and systems for a transportation vehicle are provided. One method includes initializing a first browser at an electronic device to communicate with a remote virtual loader having access to data for an in-flight entertainment (IFE) system of an aircraft; authenticating the first browser by the remote virtual loader; providing IFE data for the IFE system to the first browser by the remote virtual loader with an instruction to grant access to the IFE data by a second browser of the electronic device, the second browser authenticated by the IFE system to send information to the IFE system; and transferring the IFE data from the electronic device to the IFE system by the second browser that obtains access to the IFE data from the first browser in response to the instruction from the remote virtual loader.

Various solutions for timing advance (TA) reporting by a user equipment (UE) in non-terrestrial network (NTN) communications are described. An apparatus (e.g., a UE), capable of auto-compensation of time delays in signaling, establishes a wireless connection with a network node of a wireless network. The apparatus then transmits a TA report to the network node. Based on the TA, the network can configure a UE-specific offset for UL scheduling.

Various solutions for timing advance (TA) reporting by a user equipment (UE) in non-terrestrial network (NTN) communications are described. An apparatus (e.g., a UE), capable of auto-compensation of time delays in signaling, establishes a wireless connection with a network node of a wireless network. The apparatus then transmits a TA report to the network node. Based on the TA, the network can configure a UE-specific offset for UL scheduling.

Embodiments of this application provide a timing advance determining method and a communication apparatus, to improve precision of calculating a timing advance (Timing Advance, TA) by a terminal, and reduce inter-symbol interference (Inter-Symbol Interference, ISI). The method includes: A first network device determines a first parameter based on a first delay compensation value, where the first delay compensation value is delay compensation made by the first network device for receiving a signal sent by a terminal, the first parameter indicates a difference between a round-trip delay of a feeder link in a non-terrestrial network NTN and the first delay compensation value, and the difference is used to determine a TA used by the terminal for signal sending; and the first network device sends the first parameter.

User equipment according to an aspect performs cell reselection of selecting a serving cell by ranking a plurality of cells based on radio quality. Based further on whether a cell is a non-terrestrial cell, the non-terrestrial cell being formed by a radio transceiver of a satellite or an aircraft, the user equipment determines a rank of the cell in the cell reselection.