A photonic heater is provided. The photonic heater includes a current source and a transfer circuit. The transfer circuit connected to the current source. The photonic heater further includes a heating element. The heating element is connected to the transfer circuit. The transfer circuit is operable to regulate an amount of current being transferred from the current court to the heating element.

A heating tape comprises an insulated heating element that includes a heating element layer comprising a polymer composite having conductive particles and at least one set of conductive electrodes at least partially embedded in the polymer composite and extending along at least a substantial portion of the length of the heating tape. A heating tape system for a pipe or other surface, further includes a power ramp controller having a solid state relay component to regulate an in-rush of current to the heating element. The heating tape system also includes a connector having multiple contact points.

It is the object of the present invention to reduce the disadvantages in currently available Vaporizers by providing a method and system of controlling the output voltage of the Battery such that the electrical current within and the temperature of the heating element and Extract are controllable.

A method for controlling a heated process of a heater includes: obtaining a target temperature; identifying a first amount of electrical energy based on a prediction that the first amount of electrical energy is sized to cause a temperature of the heated process to reach the target temperature, wherein the first amount of electrical energy is indicative of one or more wattage, the first amount of electrical energy is indicative of a quantity of time that the one or more wattage is applied to the heater, and the prediction is based on an energy profile associated with the heater; and providing the one or more wattage to the heater for a portion of the quantity of time.

A control method for gas chemosensors having a sensitive layer, which comprises the steps of: a) measuring the resistivity of the sensitive layer at a particular moment, the sensitive layer being at a particular temperature; b) establishing a temperature profile to be applied to the sensitive layer, based on the resistivity value measured; c) obtaining the average temperature value across the temperature profiles applied to the sensitive layer during a time interval and comparing the average temperature with stored values to determine changes in the gas concentration. The invention also relates to a gas detection system comprising a gas chemosensor connected to control means connected to heating means associated with the sensitive layer, defining a control loop with sigma-delta topology.

An overheat protection circuit able to detect and control the temperature of a electric heater includes a detecting unit, a controlling unit, and a electronic switch. The electronic switch is coupled between the electric heater and a first power supply and cuts off the power supply when overheating is electronically detected.

Determining a load voltage across a load includes receiving electrical energy from a voltage source through a voltage input, transferring at least a portion of the received electrical energy to the load through a voltage output via a switching assembly, and determining a voltage of the received electrical energy via a first voltage sensor coupled to the voltage input. Further included is determining a voltage across the switching assembly via a second voltage sensor coupled to the voltage input and to the voltage output and determining the load voltage based on a comparison of the determined voltage of the received electrical energy with the determined voltage across the switching assembly.

The present inventive disclosures are generally directed to an improved means to precisely measure temperature at a location remote from a central controller and a means to control heater and/or cooler power at that remote location with a temperature setpoint that is adjustable at the central-controller location, with a remote device/unit connected to the central controller using no more than two wires, employing specialized time-sliced alternating operating modes via those two wires in which high-accuracy current-based temperature readings are transmitted back to a central controller in one mode, and thermal-device power is provided in the other mode. The improved system is, as a result, both very cost-efficient and mass-efficient for controlling a multitude of thermal zones.

A machine learning apparatus includes a state observing unit and a learning unit. The state observing unit observes a state variable comprised of at least one of an adhesion state, a dielectric strength voltage, an electric heating time temperature, and an actual electric heating time value of a coil electrically heated by a coil electric heating unit, and at least one of an electric heating time command value, a voltage, and a current in the coil electric heating unit. The learning unit performs a learning operation by linking at least one of an adhesion state, a dielectric strength voltage, an electric heating time temperature, and an actual electric heating time value of the coil observed by the state observing unit to at least one of the electric heating time command value, the voltage, and the current, which are observed by the state observing unit.

An ovenized crystal oscillator assembly includes an oscillator package defining a cavity which houses an interposer assembly. The interposer assembly, which can be housed in a recess in the base of the oscillator package, includes a quartz resonator and an interposer with a thin-film heater and temperature sensor. The quartz resonator is connected to the interposer on its edge(s) that is/are mounted to mechanical standoffs which are connected to electrical pads located on the interposer.