An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus generates thermal-ultrafine bubbles by bringing a liquid into film boiling while using a heater provided to a substrate. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a control unit which inputs energy to the heater such that a value of a ratio of energy to be inputted to the heater relative to energy with which the heater generates film boiling falls below 1.17 under a condition that the energy to be inputted to the heater is larger than the energy with which the heater generates film boiling.

The invention relates to an electromagnetic wave irradiation reactor (fixed, mobile or portable) suitable for the physical, dynamic, continuous conditioning of materials having the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation, which need to be treated through electromagnetic irradiation, without coming into contact with the electromagnetic source. In particular, this invention aims to treat those materials which tend to reflect such radiations, which are translucent or difficult to penetrate to irradiation or simply dirty. The invention mainly exploits the postulates of Lambert, and Stefan-Boltzmann, that is, the physical assumptions of the transmission of electromagnetic energy by radiation and in particular the angle, concentration and proximity of the emission of energy between emitter and receiver (which varies with the square of the distance) and the intensity of the emission (which varies with the 4th power of the temperature).

A modular fluid heating device for a heating system having a fluid circuit includes a supply conduit and a discharge conduit, which are connectable to a return side and a feeding side of the fluid circuit of the heating system, and having at least one fluid heating module which is connectable to the supply conduit and the discharge conduit. A sleeve is arranged concentrically within the fluid tube, which sleeve extends at least into the necks of the fluid tube. A threaded ring is configured to cooperate with a thread of the neck, and engages a sealing ring so as to seal the ends of the fluid tube. The fluid tube has, spaced apart from the respective necks, an inlet or and outlet, respectively, which can be coupled directly with the discharge conduit or supply conduit, respectively. The fluid heating module further includes an infrared lamp.

A wax warmer includes a body, an electrical assembly, a base plate, and a sleeve. The electrical assembly is positioned within an interior space of the body and includes an electrical cord that extends outside the body. The sleeve forms an electrical barrier positioned within the interior space and surrounding the electrical assembly. The sleeve is coupled to the base plate and a portion of the electrical cord that passes through an opening in the sleeve is retained by the base plate and the sleeve.

A volumetric heating device for beverage preparation machines, along with a beverage preparation machine containing same, are disclosed, along with methods of producing and using same.

The invention relates to an apparatus for thawing a frozen drink in a glass drinking bottle having a housing; a bottle receiving space that is arranged in the housing and is designed to accommodate a glass drinking bottle with a frozen drink for thawing; a heating device that is arranged in the housing and has radiative heat sources that are arranged around the bottle receiving space in order, during the thawing operation, to radiate heat energy onto the glass drinking bottle, and a thermal insulation and cooling device which is arranged in the housing, the thermal insulation and cooling device having: a thermally insulating space which is formed in the housing between the radiative heat sources and an outer housing wall and so as to encompass, in a circumferential manner, the outer housing wall; and an air cooling system in which an air delivery device draws cooling air from the surroundings into the housing via an air intake and conveys this, in the housing, via an air guide to an air outlet, the air guide being formed so as to encompass at least the thermally insulating space. Also provided is a method for thawing a frozen drink in a glass drinking bottle.

A fluid heating device includes a container in which fluid is supplied between an inner surface of an outer cylindrical member and outer surfaces of the inner cylindrical members, lamp heaters arranged in an inner cylindrical members, a nozzle member arranged on a leading end side of the lamp heaters and having an air supply port, and a guide mechanism that guides gas supplied from the air supply port of the nozzle member. The inner cylindrical members include a central inner cylindrical member arranged at a center of the outer cylindrical member, and peripheral inner cylindrical members arranged around the central inner cylindrical member. The lamp heaters include a central lamp heater arranged in the central inner cylindrical member and peripheral lamp heaters respectively arranged in the peripheral inner cylindrical members. The guide mechanism guides the gas to a leading end side of the central lamp heater.

A method of producing an active chemical species, steam or superheated steam includes flowing one or more fluids through a conduit, locating one or more incandescent lights in close proximity to the conduit, and using at least a portion of the heat emitted from the one or more incandescent lights to heat the one or more fluids flowing through the conduit so that the fluid or fluids are disassociated into chemical components, associated into a new compound, or converted into steam.

A heating mechanism and aerosol generation device are provided. The heating mechanism includes a chamber; a heater; and a first end cap, connected to an end of the heater, where the first end cap includes an inner cylinder at least partially extending into an interior of the chamber. The inner cylinder has a closed end and an opposite open end, and the open end of the inner cylinder is configured to abut against the aerosol product when the aerosol product is received within the chamber, so that a substantially closed space is formed between the closed end and the open end. Through this application, after an aerosol generation product is inserted into the heating mechanism, a closed chamber may be formed on an end cap.

A wax warmer includes a body, a top plate disposed adjacent a top end of the body, a base plate disposed adjacent a bottom end of the body, an electrical assembly positioned within an interior space of the body, the electrical assembly in electrical communication with an electrical cord, and a sleeve. The sleeve forms an electrical barrier positioned within the interior space and surrounding the electrical assembly, and the sleeve defines a slot configured to provide passage for the electrical cord.