A heating device may include a substrate and a heating element disposed on a surface of the substrate. The heating element may include an ohmically resistive coating having a layer thickness of 2 to 300 microns. The ohmically resistive coating may include at least 30% by weight of at least one ductile or malleable metal and a plurality of electrically resistive particles. The ohmically resistive coating may be deposited via the at least one of the cold spray and the solid state deposition performed at a temperature below at least one of a melting temperature and a partially softening temperature of the at least one ductile or malleable metal. The ohmically resistive coating may exhibit less heterogeneity and porosity than a thermally sprayed coating, may have a density of 90% or greater, and may have a porosity of 10% or less.

The present invention relates to a positive temperature coefficient composition comprising a semi-crystalline material, at least one binder, from 0.5 to 9.5% by weight of an electronically conductive material and a solvent. Furthermore, the present invention relates to use of a positive temperature coefficient composition according to the present invention in heating elements and sensors. A positive temperature coefficient composition according to the present invention provides low and stable resistance till self-regulating temperature, which allows fast heating of the heating element. Furthermore, the positive temperature coefficient composition according to the present invention has high PTC ration and therefore, has higher safety and more power can be applied to the heating element.

A fluid pipe device is provided, which includes a pipe member forming a flow channel for flowing a fluid; a heating member for generating heat to heat the pipe member; a metal heat transfer member abutting against the heating member and conducting the heat to the pipe member; and a terminal member electrically connecting the heating member and the heat transfer member. The heat transfer member includes a first heat transfer member and a second heat transfer member, and at least one of the first heat transfer member and the second heat transfer member forms the terminal member at one portion, and the first heat transfer member is provided in the pipe member in such a way as not to be exposed inside the flow channel of the pipe member.

A heater is provided that includes at least one resistive heating element having a material with a non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile and exhibiting a negative dR/dT characteristic over a predetermined operating temperature range along the profile. The heater can include a plurality of circuits disposed in a fluid path to heat fluid flow.

An exhaust system, especially for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas-carrying duct (14) and a reactant injection device (20) for injecting reactant (R) into exhaust gas (A) flowing in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). Downstream of the reactant injection device (20), a mixer device (22) supports the mixing of reactant (R) injected by the reactant injection device (20) with exhaust gas (A) flowing in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). Downstream of the reactant injection device (20) and upstream of the mixer device (22), a reactant heating device (24) extends in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). The exhaust gas (A) flows in and reactant (R) injected through the reactant injection device (20) flow around the heating device (24).

An electrical heating device (14) for an operating fluid tank (10) of a motor vehicle, in particular for a tank (10) for storing aqueous urea solution, having at least one PTC element (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44), that is disposed connecting two electrical conductors (24, 26, 28, 29), characterized in that the electrical heating device (14) comprises a multitude of PTC elements (34, 36, 28, 40, 42, 44), of which each is connectively arranged to two electrical conductors (24, 26, 28, 29), wherein at least one of the electrical conductors (24, 26, 28, 29) is configured as a laminar conductor component and forms a heat conductor for transferring the heat produced in the PTC element (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44) to a volume portion of the outside environment (18) of the electrical heating device (14), which is adjacent to the electrical heating device (14).

An electrically heating support includes: a pillar shaped honeycomb structure including: an outer peripheral wall; and a partition wall disposed on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall, the partition wall defining a plurality of cells, each of the plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face to form a flow path; and a pair of electrode layers disposed so as to face each other across a central axis of the honeycomb structure, each of the electrode layers being disposed on a surface of the outer peripheral wall of the honeycomb structure; and a metal terminal provided on each of the electrode layers. The honeycomb structure includes a ceramic having a PTC property, and the electrode layers include a ceramic having an NTC property.

An electronic cigarette includes an atomizer having a coil-less heating element having a heating section, two leads electrically connected to the heating section, and a liquid guiding structure. The liquid guiding structure includes two pads, a first pad and a second pad sandwiching at least a portion of the heating section. A gasket between a liquid supply and the first pad conducts liquid from the liquid supply to the first pad.

A process of manufacturing a chromium alloyed molybdenum silicide portion of a heating element comprising the steps of: forming a mixture of a chromium powder and a silicon powder; reacting the mixture to a reaction product in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least 1100° C. but not more than 1580° C.; converting the reaction product to a powder comprising CrSi.sub.2; forming a powder ceramic composition by mixing the powder comprising CrSi.sub.2 with a MoSi.sub.2 powder and optionally with an extrusion aid; forming the portion of the heating element; and sintering the portion of the heating element in a temperature of from about 1450° C. to about 1700° C.; characterized in that the chromium powder and the silicon powder are provided separately to the mixture.

A honeycomb structure including a honeycomb having porous partition walls extending between inflow and outflow end faces to define cells, an outermost peripheral wall, and a pair of electrodes disposed on a side surface of the honeycomb. Each electrode is formed in a strip shape extending in a direction of the cells. In a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells, one electrode is disposed on a side opposed to the other electrode. The honeycomb has an outer peripheral region including the outer peripheral wall, a central region, and an intermediate region. An average electric resistivity A of a material constituted of the outer peripheral region, an average electric resistivity B of a material constituted of the central region and an average electric resistivity of C of a material constituted of the intermediate region satisfy the relationship: A≤B<C.