The inventive concept provides a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus includes a chamber having a treating space; and a support unit configured to support and heat a substrate in the treating space, and wherein the support unit includes: at least one heating element for adjusting a temperature of the substrate; a power source for generating a power applied to at least one heating element; a power supply line for transmitting the power generated by the power source to the at least one heating element; a power return line for grounding the at least one heating element; and a current measuring resistor provided on the power supply line or the power return line and used for estimating a temperature of the at least one heating element.

The inventive concept provides a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus includes a chamber having a treating space; and a support unit configured to support and heat a substrate in the treating space, and wherein the support unit includes: at least one heating element for adjusting a temperature of the substrate; a power source for generating a power applied to at least one heating element; a power supply line for transmitting the power generated by the power source to the at least one heating element; a power return line for grounding the at least one heating element; and a current measuring resistor provided on the power supply line or the power return line and used for estimating a temperature of the at least one heating element.

The present invention relates to a heating device for an aircraft interior. The heating device has a mechanically loadable support structure, a mechanically loadable and thermally conductive outer structure, and a heater for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, wherein the heater is arranged between the support structure and the outer structure and has a heating layer composed of a resistance material with a positive temperature coefficient.

A heating device includes a base; a supporter disposed on the base, the supporter has a chamber therein and the chamber being configured for receiving the tobacco cigarette; an electromagnetic induction coil, wound around the supporter and configured for generating an alternative magnetic field in the chamber; at least one first heating element disposed in the chamber; when the tobacco cigarette is disposed in the chamber, the at least one first heating element contacts an outer surface of the tobacco cigarette and is configured for generating a vortex in the alternative magnetic field to heat the tobacco cigarette; and a second heating element disposed on the base; when the tobacco cigarette is disposed in the chamber, the second heating element is inserted into the tobacco cigarette and configured to generate a vortex in the alternative magnetic field to heat the tobacco cigarette.

A heating device includes a base; a supporter disposed on the base, the supporter has a chamber therein and the chamber being configured for receiving the tobacco cigarette; an electromagnetic induction coil, wound around the supporter and configured for generating an alternative magnetic field in the chamber; at least one first heating element disposed in the chamber; when the tobacco cigarette is disposed in the chamber, the at least one first heating element contacts an outer surface of the tobacco cigarette and is configured for generating a vortex in the alternative magnetic field to heat the tobacco cigarette; and a second heating element disposed on the base; when the tobacco cigarette is disposed in the chamber, the second heating element is inserted into the tobacco cigarette and configured to generate a vortex in the alternative magnetic field to heat the tobacco cigarette.

The present disclosure relates to food preparation apparatus with an electrical heating device comprising at least two electrical PTC thermistors for heating a food in a food preparation room, wherein the electrical PTC thermistors are electrically connected in parallel. The parallel-connected PTC thermistors are electrically connected to one another by one or more electrical bridges.

The present disclosure relates to food preparation apparatus with an electrical heating device comprising at least two electrical PTC thermistors for heating a food in a food preparation room, wherein the electrical PTC thermistors are electrically connected in parallel. The parallel-connected PTC thermistors are electrically connected to one another by one or more electrical bridges.

An apparatus and method for melting snow and/or ice on a vehicle comprises a precipitation sensor, a surface temperature sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, a heater, and a programmable controller. The programmable controller comprises a memory unit and a processor to store and execute a cut-off surface temperature Tc, and program modules, respectively. A heater control module is configured to deactivate the heater based on the surface temperature being greater than the cut-off surface temperature. The heater could be an electric heater and a hydronic heater. The electric heater is electrically coupled to at least any one of, an alternator, an onboard power system, and a remote power source, via a relay. Further, the heater control module is configured to activate the heater based on an ambient temperature being lower than freezing point of water and precipitation being present outside the vehicle, thereby melting snow and/or ice on the vehicle.

An apparatus and method for melting snow and/or ice on a vehicle comprises a precipitation sensor, a surface temperature sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, a heater, and a programmable controller. The programmable controller comprises a memory unit and a processor to store and execute a cut-off surface temperature Tc, and program modules, respectively. A heater control module is configured to deactivate the heater based on the surface temperature being greater than the cut-off surface temperature. The heater could be an electric heater and a hydronic heater. The electric heater is electrically coupled to at least any one of, an alternator, an onboard power system, and a remote power source, via a relay. Further, the heater control module is configured to activate the heater based on an ambient temperature being lower than freezing point of water and precipitation being present outside the vehicle, thereby melting snow and/or ice on the vehicle.

A planar heater includes a base, a resister pattern, a conductor pattern, a power supply electrode, and a base pattern. The base includes a surface portion made of an insulative material. The resistor pattern is on the base. The conductor pattern is on the base and electrically coupled to the resistor pattern. The power supply electrode is electrically coupled to the conductor pattern. The base pattern is on the base and made of a material different from a material of the surface portion of the base to print visible identification information.