A method for producing a tetrahydroborate includes a hydrogenating step (step S14) of exposing a borate to a hydrogen plasma while grinding the borate.

Provided is a vapor deposition apparatus including: a plasma generator configured to change at least a portion of a first raw material gas into a radical form; a corresponding surface corresponding to the plasma generator; a reaction space between the plasma generator and the corresponding surface; and an insulating member separated from, and surrounding the plasma generator.

Disclosed are systems, methods, and devices for generating radicals in an air stream at the intake of an internal combustion engine, as well as increasing the thrust of such air streams into the engine. A plasma generator including plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both is positioned in the intake stream. Plasma actuators are disposed on the interior surface of the plasma generator, exposed to the intake stream. Dielectric barrier discharge electrodes protrude into the intake air stream. Plasma, preferably DBD plasma, glow plasma, or filamentary plasma, is generated in the air intake stream, creating radicals in the stream, mixing the radicals in the stream, and reducing drag while increasing thrust of air in the intake stream. A concentric cylinder can be further disposed in the plasma generator, with further plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both, on the interior and exterior surfaces of the cylinder.

The present invention relates to a dielectric packing material for converting carbon dioxide to a valuable material using non-thermal plasma technology, and more particularly, to a dielectric packing material for converting carbon dioxide to a valuable material using non-thermal plasma technology, wherein the dielectric packing material is packed in a non-thermal plasma reactor for conversion of carbon dioxide to a valuable material and is formed to have a hollow structure with multiple edges on the surface thereof to effectively scatter non-thermal plasma at the edges and thereby to improve CO.sub.2 conversion and energy efficiency.

A polarization apparatus includes a conductive carrier, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma source, an electric net, a DBD power supply, and a DC power supply. The conductive carrier has a carrying surface which is configured to carry a work piece. The work piece includes a piezoelectric material film, and the conductive carrier is grounded. The DBD plasma source is disposed over the carrying surface and is configured to apply plasma toward the piezoelectric material film. The electric net is disposed between the carrying surface and the DBD plasma source. The DBD power supply includes a first electrode and a second electrode, in which the first electrode is electrically connected to the DBD plasma source, and the second electrode is grounded. The DC power supply includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode. The third electrode is electrically connected to the electric net, and the fourth electrode is grounded.

The invention relates to a device (10) for treating a liquid with a plasma, wherein the device (10) has a high-voltage electrode (20) as well as a liquid-permeable ground electrode device (30). The ground electrode device (30) has a flat, conductive region (32) and a porous region (34) arranged on the flat, conductive region (32), wherein the conductive region (32) is liquid-permeable along its flat extension. A discharge space (40) is formed between the ground electrode device (30) and the high-voltage electrode (20). A first dielectric (50) is arranged on the high-voltage electrode (20) so that a plasma can be generated in the discharge space (40) by means of a dielectric barrier discharge. Moreover, the device (10) has an initial flow volume (60) into which the liquid (12) can be conducted, and that is surrounded by a wall (62). At least in a first region, the wall (62) of the initial flow volume (60) has the ground electrode device (30) such that the initial flow volume (60) is connected to the discharge space (40) in a liquid permeable manner via the ground electrode device (30).

The object of the present disclosure is to efficiently generate plasma. In the plasma device of the present disclosure, a dielectric barrier discharger and an arc discharger are included, but the arc discharger is provided downstream from the dielectric barrier discharger in a discharge space where a gas for generating plasma is supplied. Dielectric barrier discharge occurs at the dielectric barrier discharger, and arch discharge occurs at the arc discharger. As a result of the gas for generating plasma being activated in the dielectric barrier discharge, the aforementioned gas can be adequately converted to plasma in the arc discharger.

The invention provides a microplasma photonic crystal for reflecting, transmitting and/or storing incident electromagnetic energy includes a periodic array of elongate microtubes confining microplasma therein and having a column-to-column spacing, average electron density and plasma column diameter selected to produce a photonic response to the incident electromagnetic energy entailing the increase or suppression of crystal resonances and/or shifting the frequency of the resonances. The crystal also includes electrodes for stimulating microplasma the elongated microtubes Electromagnetic energy can be interacted with the periodic array of microplasma to reflect, transmit and/or trap the incident electromagnetic energy.

A carbon nanosheet, which is a sheet-form carbon nanomaterial having a larger area as compared with that of a similar conventional product and a side length of about 1 m, and a method for producing the carbon nanosheet. The carbon nanosheet production method includes a step of mixing a solution of an iron atom-containing compound dispersed in a solvent with an alcohol, to thereby prepare a solution mixture; and a step of irradiating the solution mixture with plasma, to thereby produce a carbon nanosheet. The carbon nanosheet has a side length of 0.5 m to 2.5 m.

A method for sterilizing ambient air includes the steps of: a) installing a plasma-based smart window including an atmospheric pressure plasma device which includes first and second transparent flat patterned electrodes sandwiched between a light-transmissive substrate and a light-transmissive cover plate; and b) applying a power supply parameter of a predetermined magnitude between the first and second transparent flat patterned electrodes at ambient temperature and pressure to generate a surface plasma proximate to the light-transmissive substrate or the light-transmissive cover plate so as to inactivate microorganisms in the ambient air.