An ozone generator includes a discharge chamber; an inlet opening for feeding air into the discharge chamber; an outlet opening for removing ozone from the discharge chamber; and at least two cylindrical electrode sets in the discharge chamber. Each electrode set includes a ground electrode; a high voltage electrode; a dielectric between the ground electrode and the high voltage electrode; the dielectric separated from the ground electrode by a first discharge gap, and the dielectric separated from the high voltage electrode by a second discharge gap. A high voltage power supply provides a voltage impulse to the high voltage electrode of at least 2 kV (at least 5 kV is most cases), and a peak current of at least 1 ampere (at least 4 amperes in most cases). The high voltage power supply provides a dU/dt of the voltage impulse of between 5 kV/sec and 50 kV/sec.

An internal combustion engine includes a fuel nozzle for injecting a fuel into a combustion chamber, and a plasma igniter for generating one or more pluralities of free radicals within the chamber, and initiating a flame to ignite the fuel. The igniter protrudes into the chamber. A method of igniting a fuel within a combustion chamber and controlling combustion phasing includes injecting a first portion of the fuel into the combustion chamber, energizing the plasma igniter to generate one or more pluralities of free radicals, each plurality having a known voltage, subsequently injecting a second portion of the fuel into the combustion chamber, and closely coupling activation of the plasma igniter with the second injection to ignite the fuel. Combustion phasing of the ignition event is controlled by controlling the number and voltage of the pluralities of free radicals generated by the plasma igniter.

An apparatus for and methods of repairing and manufacturing integrated circuits using the apparatus. The apparatus, comprising: a vacuum chamber containing: a movable stage configured to hold a substrate; an inspection and analysis probe; a heat source; a gas injector; and a gas manifold connecting multiple gas sources to the gas injector.

There is provided herein, according to an embodiment, a plasma thread application of dielectric barrier discharge, which incorporates the effectiveness of plasma in sterilization and the flexibility of thread like structure and has the malleability to be formed into any apparel design. The design of one embodiment uses a dielectric coated/insulated wire in the range of 30 to 40 awg based on the application in question. It can be used as sutures or can be woven into a material for countless bandage-like applications. The ready availability of medically approved dielectric materials is conducive to the manufacture of the same.

The present disclosure relates to a portable plasma device which is convenient to carry and has excellent performance and is capable of simply, uniformly, and locally treating an inner surface of a microstructure such as a microwell plate by easily adjusting a plasma flame.

[Object] To provide a plasma apparatus capable of igniting plasma reliably over a long period. [Solution] The apparatus includes a hollow structural body (11) having a hollow structure along an axis, a first electrode (12) disposed inside the hollow structural body (11), and a second electrode (14) having a structure that externally covers a plasma generation area (13) of the hollow structural body (11). The first electrode (12) has a deformation structure (12b) within the plasma generation area of the hollow structural body.

A liquid treatment apparatus includes a flow channel, first and second electrodes at least part of each of which is disposed within the flow channel, an insulator, a gas supply device, and a power supply source that applies a voltage between the first and second electrodes and generates plasma. The insulator has a tubular shape and an opening on an end surface of the insulator, and surrounds a lateral surface of the first electrode with a space interposed between the insulator and the first electrode. The gas supply device supplies and ejects a gas into the liquid via the opening. At least part of the flow channel extends in a first direction which is inclined with respect to a horizontal direction so that the liquid flows obliquely upward with respect to the horizontal direction. The opening is positioned within the at least part of the flow channel.

Disclosed are systems, methods, and devices for generating radicals in an air stream at the intake of an internal combustion engine, as well as increasing the thrust of such air streams into the engine. A plasma generator including plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both is positioned in the intake stream. Plasma actuators are disposed on the interior surface of the plasma generator, exposed to the intake stream. Dielectric barrier discharge electrodes protrude into the intake air stream. Plasma, preferably DBD plasma, glow plasma, or filamentary plasma, is generated in the air intake stream, creating radicals in the stream, mixing the radicals in the stream, and reducing drag while increasing thrust of air in the intake stream. A concentric cylinder can be further disposed in the plasma generator, with further plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both, on the interior and exterior surfaces of the cylinder.

A plasma generation module includes a first electrode that includes a linear structure of a flexible material; a second electrode having a structure made of a flexible material and is disposed opposite to the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to form a linear discharge region between the first electrode and the second electrode. The plasma generation module includes a dielectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode.

An irradiator includes: a first electrode to which a voltage is applied for generating a plasma; and a holding member holding the first electrode; wherein: the holding member has a first member and a second member that are in contact with each other to constitute an accommodation space accommodating the first electrode; and a contact surface between the first member and the second member includes a non-perpendicular contact surface that is non-perpendicular to an axis of the first electrode.