A torch tip is provided for a liquid-cooled plasma arc cutting torch. The torch tip includes an electrode with an elongated electrode body having a distal end and a proximal end extending along a longitudinal axis. The electrode body includes at least one interior threaded connection at the proximal end for engaging a liquid-cooled electrode holder. The electrode holder comprises a liquid coolant channel that does not extend into the electrode body. The electrode body has (i) a length extending along the longitudinal axis and (ii) a diameter associated with a widest portion of the electrode body along the longitudinal axis between the proximal and distal ends, where a ratio of the length to the diameter of the electrode body is greater than about 5.

A torch tip is provided for a liquid-cooled plasma arc cutting torch. The torch tip includes an electrode with an elongated electrode body having a distal end and a proximal end extending along a longitudinal axis. The electrode body includes at least one interior threaded connection at the proximal end for engaging a liquid-cooled electrode holder. The electrode holder comprises a liquid coolant channel that does not extend into the electrode body. The electrode body has (i) a length extending along the longitudinal axis and (ii) a diameter associated with a widest portion of the electrode body along the longitudinal axis between the proximal and distal ends, where a ratio of the length to the diameter of the electrode body is greater than about 5.

A device and a method for fabricating a ceramic reinforced composite coating based on plasma remelting and injection. The device includes a plasma cladding assembly, a powder feeding assembly, a metal-based substrate, and a thermal infrared imager. The plasma cladding assembly comprises a plasma gun and a plasma generator. A plasma arc generated is used to heat the substrate and form a molten pool on the substrate. The powder feeding assembly comprises a powder feeder configured to feed ceramic particles to the molten pool through a powder feeding copper tube. The thermal infrared imager is configured to acquire an infrared image of the molten pool and acquire an optimal injection position of the ceramic particles according to the infrared image. The optimal injection position is a midpoint between a trailing edge of the plasma arc emitted on the substrate and a trailing edge of the molten pool.

A device and a method for fabricating a ceramic reinforced composite coating based on plasma remelting and injection. The device includes a plasma cladding assembly, a powder feeding assembly, a metal-based substrate, and a thermal infrared imager. The plasma cladding assembly comprises a plasma gun and a plasma generator. A plasma arc generated is used to heat the substrate and form a molten pool on the substrate. The powder feeding assembly comprises a powder feeder configured to feed ceramic particles to the molten pool through a powder feeding copper tube. The thermal infrared imager is configured to acquire an infrared image of the molten pool and acquire an optimal injection position of the ceramic particles according to the infrared image. The optimal injection position is a midpoint between a trailing edge of the plasma arc emitted on the substrate and a trailing edge of the molten pool.

A plasma-generation system is provided that includes a variable-frequency microwave generator configured to generate microwave power and a plasma applicator configured to use the microwave power from the microwave generator to (i) ignite a process gas therein for initiating a plasma in a plasma ignition process and (ii) maintain the plasma in a steady state process. The system also includes a coarse tuner connected between the microwave generator and the plasma applicator. At least one physical parameter of the coarse tuner is adapted to be set to achieve coarse impedance matching between the microwave generator and the plasma generated during both the plasma ignition process and the steady state process. A load impedance of the plasma generated during the plasma ignition process and the steady state process is adapted to vary. The microwave generator is configured to tune an operating frequency at the set physical parameter of the coarse tuner.

An electrode for a consumable cartridge of a plasma arc torch is provided. The electrode comprises a substantially hollow body defining a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis extending therebetween. The electrode also includes a plurality of flanges, including a proximal flange and a distal flange, disposed circumferentially about an external surface of the hollow body and extending radially outward. Each flange defines one or more holes configured to conduct a gas flow therethrough along the external surface of the hollow body. The one or more holes on the proximal flange define a first combined cross-sectional flow area that is different from a second combined cross-sectional flow area defined by the one or more holes on the distal flange.

Disclosed is a system and method related to removal of carbon from carbon dioxide via the use of plasma arc heating techniques. The method involves generating C atoms and H atoms from C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves generating graphite and H.sub.2 from the C atoms and H atoms, and extracting the graphite. The method involves quenching the H.sub.2 with C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving, at a generator, the quenched the H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y and generating electricity. The method involves generating a concentrated stream of H.sub.2 from the quenched H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving CO.sub.2 and the concentrated stream of H.sub.2 and generating C, O, and H atoms. The method involves receiving the C, O, and H atoms and generating graphite, wherein the graphite is extracted. In the hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.y: x is an integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , and y=2x+2.

Disclosed is a system and method related to removal of carbon from carbon dioxide via the use of plasma arc heating techniques. The method involves generating C atoms and H atoms from C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves generating graphite and H.sub.2 from the C atoms and H atoms, and extracting the graphite. The method involves quenching the H.sub.2 with C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving, at a generator, the quenched the H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y and generating electricity. The method involves generating a concentrated stream of H.sub.2 from the quenched H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving CO.sub.2 and the concentrated stream of H.sub.2 and generating C, O, and H atoms. The method involves receiving the C, O, and H atoms and generating graphite, wherein the graphite is extracted. In the hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.y: x is an integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , and y=2x+2.

The invention relates to a method for conducting gas in a gas-cooled plasma torch wherein the plasma torch has a plasma torch body which holds an electrode with an open end and a closed end. A cavity extends from the open end in the direction of the closed end, and which, with a spacing in an axial direction, holds a nozzle by means of a nozzle holder. The nozzle has a central opening with an upstream inlet end, into which the electrode projects, and with an outlet end with a nozzle bore and is surrounded by a nozzle cap and/or a nozzle protection cap. The plasma torch body has an opening for a gas feeder, which opening is fluidically connected to a cooling tube which projects into the open end of the electrode.

The invention relates to a method for conducting gas in a gas-cooled plasma torch wherein the plasma torch has a plasma torch body which holds an electrode with an open end and a closed end. A cavity extends from the open end in the direction of the closed end, and which, with a spacing in an axial direction, holds a nozzle by means of a nozzle holder. The nozzle has a central opening with an upstream inlet end, into which the electrode projects, and with an outlet end with a nozzle bore and is surrounded by a nozzle cap and/or a nozzle protection cap. The plasma torch body has an opening for a gas feeder, which opening is fluidically connected to a cooling tube which projects into the open end of the electrode.