Disclosed is a system and method related to removal of carbon from carbon dioxide via the use of plasma arc heating techniques. The method involves generating C atoms and H atoms from C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves generating graphite and H.sub.2 from the C atoms and H atoms, and extracting the graphite. The method involves quenching the H.sub.2 with C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving, at a generator, the quenched the H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y and generating electricity. The method involves generating a concentrated stream of H.sub.2 from the quenched H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving CO.sub.2 and the concentrated stream of H.sub.2 and generating C, O, and H atoms. The method involves receiving the C, O, and H atoms and generating graphite, wherein the graphite is extracted. In the hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.y: x is an integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , and y=2x+2.

The present invention relates to a plasma treatment device, and more particularly, to a plasma treatment device effective in treating atopic dermatitis, which amplifies a low voltage to a high voltage within a handpiece in a plasma generating process to reduce ozone production and improve stability.

The present invention relates to a plasma treatment device, and more particularly, to a plasma treatment device effective in treating atopic dermatitis, which amplifies a low voltage to a high voltage within a handpiece in a plasma generating process to reduce ozone production and improve stability.

A conical inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch (100) and a method for processing sample particles is disclosed. In this method raw, unprocessed, irregularly shaped sample particles (21) are injected into the conical torch, and pass through the plasma to form molten particles (22) and a spheroidization of the particles finally generates solid, smooth, spherical and dense processed particles (23) once cooled. The conical torch has a torch tube that has a conical section and an injector tube (2) that has a conical end. The conical section of the torch tube and the injector tube form an annular gap through which outer plasma gas is passed through. This conically exiting outer gas flow results in a rapid rise in gas temperatures and a short plasma region that rapidly melts any particles.

A conical inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch (100) and a method for processing sample particles is disclosed. In this method raw, unprocessed, irregularly shaped sample particles (21) are injected into the conical torch, and pass through the plasma to form molten particles (22) and a spheroidization of the particles finally generates solid, smooth, spherical and dense processed particles (23) once cooled. The conical torch has a torch tube that has a conical section and an injector tube (2) that has a conical end. The conical section of the torch tube and the injector tube form an annular gap through which outer plasma gas is passed through. This conically exiting outer gas flow results in a rapid rise in gas temperatures and a short plasma region that rapidly melts any particles.

A plasma processing apparatus includes a cooling plate having a fixing surface to which an upper electrode is fixed, the cooling plate having, on the fixing surface, an electrostatic chuck configured to attract the upper electrode by an attraction force generated by an applied voltage; a power supply configured to apply the voltage to the electrostatic chuck; and a power supply controller configured to control the power supply such that an absolute value of the voltage applied to the electrostatic chuck is increased based on a degree of consumption of the upper electrode.

A plasma processing apparatus includes a cooling plate having a fixing surface to which an upper electrode is fixed, the cooling plate having, on the fixing surface, an electrostatic chuck configured to attract the upper electrode by an attraction force generated by an applied voltage; a power supply configured to apply the voltage to the electrostatic chuck; and a power supply controller configured to control the power supply such that an absolute value of the voltage applied to the electrostatic chuck is increased based on a degree of consumption of the upper electrode.

Disclosed is a system and method related to removal of carbon from carbon dioxide via the use of plasma arc heating techniques. The method involves generating C atoms and H atoms from C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves generating graphite and H.sub.2 from the C atoms and H atoms, and extracting the graphite. The method involves quenching the H.sub.2 with C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving, at a generator, the quenched the H.sub.2 and C.sub.YH.sub.y and generating electricity. The method involves generating a concentrated stream of H.sub.2 from the quenched H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving CO.sub.2 and the concentrated stream of H.sub.2 and generating C, O, and H atoms. The method involves receiving the C, O, and H atoms and generating graphite, wherein the graphite is extracted. In the hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.y: x is an integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , and y=2x+2.

Disclosed is a system and method related to removal of carbon from carbon dioxide via the use of plasma arc heating techniques. The method involves generating C atoms and H atoms from C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves generating graphite and H.sub.2 from the C atoms and H atoms, and extracting the graphite. The method involves quenching the H.sub.2 with C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving, at a generator, the quenched the H.sub.2 and C.sub.YH.sub.y and generating electricity. The method involves generating a concentrated stream of H.sub.2 from the quenched H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving CO.sub.2 and the concentrated stream of H.sub.2 and generating C, O, and H atoms. The method involves receiving the C, O, and H atoms and generating graphite, wherein the graphite is extracted. In the hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.y: x is an integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , and y=2x+2.

An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is described that includes a tapered outer end. A system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a tubular sample injector configured to receive an aerosolized sample in an interior defined by walls of the tubular sample injector; an inner tube surrounding at least a portion of the tubular sample injector to form a first annular space between the inner tube and the walls of the tubular sample injector, the inner tube defining at least one inlet port for introduction of an auxiliary gas into the first annular space; and an outer tube surrounding at least a portion of the inner tube to form a second annular space, the outer tube defining at least one inlet port for introduction of a cooling gas into the second annular space, the outer tube having a flared region at an outlet of the outer tube.