The current invention relates to a plasma reactor comprising: a reactor space, an axial gas inlet suitable for fluid flow in an axial direction, said axial inlet comprising radial injection slits for discharging a jet of gaseous mixture into said reactor space, a downstream gas expansion disc, which extends radially from the coaxial inlet and is located downstream of said radial injection slits with respect to said axial direction, plasma generating means suitable for ionizing a gaseous medium within said reactor space, and a cylindrical reactor container, coaxial with said gas inlet, encompassing said reactor space, said reactor container comprising outlet means. The invention further relates to a multistage reactor. The invention also relates to the use of said plasma reactor.

The current invention relates to a plasma reactor comprising: a reactor space, an axial gas inlet suitable for fluid flow in an axial direction, said axial inlet comprising radial injection slits for discharging a jet of gaseous mixture into said reactor space, a downstream gas expansion disc, which extends radially from the coaxial inlet and is located downstream of said radial injection slits with respect to said axial direction, plasma generating means suitable for ionizing a gaseous medium within said reactor space, and a cylindrical reactor container, coaxial with said gas inlet, encompassing said reactor space, said reactor container comprising outlet means. The invention further relates to a multistage reactor. The invention also relates to the use of said plasma reactor.

An induction plasma torch comprises a tubular torch body, a plasma confinement tube disposed in the tubular torch body coaxial therewith, a gas distributor head disposed at one end of the plasma confinement tube and structured to supply at least one gaseous substance into the plasma confinement tube; an inductive coupling member embedded within the tubular torch body for applying energy to the gaseous substance to produce and sustain plasma in the plasma confinement tube, and an electrically conductive capacitive shield on an inner surface of the tubular torch body. The capacitive shield is segmented into axial strips interconnected at one end. Axial grooves are machined in the inner surface of the tubular torch body, the axial grooves being interposed between the axial strips.

An induction plasma torch comprises a tubular torch body, a plasma confinement tube disposed in the tubular torch body coaxial therewith, a gas distributor head disposed at one end of the plasma confinement tube and structured to supply at least one gaseous substance into the plasma confinement tube; an inductive coupling member embedded within the tubular torch body for applying energy to the gaseous substance to produce and sustain plasma in the plasma confinement tube, and an electrically conductive capacitive shield on an inner surface of the tubular torch body. The capacitive shield is segmented into axial strips interconnected at one end. Axial grooves are machined in the inner surface of the tubular torch body, the axial grooves being interposed between the axial strips.

Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt %. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.

Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt %. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.

A desolvation unit performs desolvation by heating after a sample solution is turned to sample mist by a nebulizer. A sample gas that contains the desolvated sample mist and a carrier gas is introduced through a sample introduction tube to a plasma torch. An addition unit for adding, to the sample introduction tube, a water-containing gas is provided. The addition unit includes a container that contains ultrapure water, a gas tube for introducing the carrier gas into the ultrapure water to cause bubbling, and a gas tube for adding the water-containing gas, to the sample introduction tube. The plasma torch generates an inductively coupled plasma under the condition that supplied power is set to a range of 550 W to 700 W. Generation of interfering molecule ions due to an element having a high ionization potential is inhibited when an element in a sample ionized by the plasma is analyzed.

A desolvation unit performs desolvation by heating after a sample solution is turned to sample mist by a nebulizer. A sample gas that contains the desolvated sample mist and a carrier gas is introduced through a sample introduction tube to a plasma torch. An addition unit for adding, to the sample introduction tube, a water-containing gas is provided. The addition unit includes a container that contains ultrapure water, a gas tube for introducing the carrier gas into the ultrapure water to cause bubbling, and a gas tube for adding the water-containing gas, to the sample introduction tube. The plasma torch generates an inductively coupled plasma under the condition that supplied power is set to a range of 550 W to 700 W. Generation of interfering molecule ions due to an element having a high ionization potential is inhibited when an element in a sample ionized by the plasma is analyzed.

A dielectric resonator is excited at its natural resonant frequency to produce a highly uniform electric field for the generation of plasma. The plasma may be used as a desolvator, atomizer excitation source and ionization source in an optical spectrometer or a mass spectrometer.

A dielectric resonator is excited at its natural resonant frequency to produce a highly uniform electric field for the generation of plasma. The plasma may be used as a desolvator, atomizer excitation source and ionization source in an optical spectrometer or a mass spectrometer.