Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for generating non-thermal plasma which can form reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as those used to neutralize bacteria and other pathogens in the air and surrounding area. Also disclosed are apparatuses and methods for neutralizing bacteria and other pathogens using ROS generated through the use of non-thermal plasma. Also disclosed are apparatuses and methods for generating ROS. Also disclosed are apparatuses and methods for treating air and nearby surfaces. Also disclosed herein are apparatuses for generating non-thermal plasma, and which can monitor and analyze the operational characteristics of a plasma field generated by the aforementioned devices and/or the electrical consumption characteristics of the power supply being used to generate the plasma field, which analyzed characteristics can be used to trigger an alarm to indicate that the device is not functioning optimally or as otherwise expected.

A corona plasma cell includes a polarized electrode and a ground electrode, including a cylinder and a porous film, with the cylinder having a low profile and the polarized electrode not entering the cylinder; a corona plasma dual element including a first cell, a second cell having such a structure, which first and second cell are symmetrically arranged; and finally a plasma reactor including a plurality of cells or dual elements.

An X-ray source for ionizing of gases includes a field emission tip array within a vacuum region enclosed by a hood and a part of a support plate. The field emission tip array is arranged electrically insulated with respect to the carrier plate and wired as a cathode connected to a high-voltage source. A transmission window transparent to X-ray radiation is arranged in the hood centrally above the field emission tip array, and the hood is wired as an anode.

Electrolysis devices and systems include a first plate having first and second outlets; a first screen extending below the first plate proximate to the first outlet wherein a inner diameter of the first screen?an inner diameter of the first outlet; a tube extending below the first plate wherein the tube is disposed around the first screen with a first gap between the first screen and the tube; a second screen extending below the first plate such that the second screen is disposed around the tube with a second gap between the tube and the second screen; the second outlet is either disposed between the tube and the second screen or outside of the second screen; and wherein a length of the first screen is less that a length of the second screen, and a length of the tube is greater than the length of the second screen.

Devices and methods for generating a plasma in a liquid are provided. A low-dielectric material can be placed in contact with the liquid to form an interface a distance from an anode. A voltage can be applied across the anode and a cathode submerged in the liquid to produce the plasma. A variety of devices are provided, including for continuous operation. The devices and methods can be used to generate a plasma in a variety of liquids, for example for water treatment, hydrocarbon reformation, or synthesis of nanomaterial.

A barrierless device and method for generating streamer discharge is provided including solid/liquid electrodes for free radical generation at high efficiency. A first electrode, including periodically positioned discharge ignition tips is deposed in proximity to a second electrode, creating a discharge gap with no dielectric barrier layer in between. The discharge gap includes an inlet and an outlet. Streamers with proximity constraints emerge from the first electrode and propagate through the discharge gap towards the second electrode by supplying either positive or negative pulse voltage to the first electrode, resulting in interaction of the streamer heads with the discharge gas and generation of radicals. Optionally, the second electrode is a liquid which interacts with the streamer head to generate additional radicals. The device can either be used to cause fast chemical reaction within the discharge gap or the generated radical gas can be removed for utilization outside the discharge gap.

An example system can include a combustion chamber of a power-generation gas turbine, one or more radio-frequency power sources, a plurality of resonators, and a fuel conduit. The plurality of resonators can be electromagnetically coupled to the one or more radio-frequency power sources and each have a respective resonant wavelength. Further, each resonator can include (i) a respective first conductor, (ii) a respective second conductor, and (iii) a respective dielectric between the first conductor and the second conductor, and can be configured to provide at least one of a plasma corona or electromagnetic waves. The fuel conduit can be configured to couple to a fuel source and have a fuel outlet for expelling fuel into a combustion zone of the combustion chamber. A portion of the fuel conduit is disposed within the first conductor of a given resonator of the plurality of resonators.

An apparatus for generating a flow of reactive gas for decontaminating a material, surface or area, comprises a first electrode member comprising a first plurality of conductive surfaces and a second electrode member comprising a second plurality of conductive surfaces. The second electrode member is arranged in spaced relationship with the first electrode member to define a reactor channel. The conductive surfaces are exposed to the reactor channel so as to form air gaps between the first plurality of conductive surfaces and the second plurality of conductive surfaces. An air blower generates a flow of air through the reactor channel. An electric pulse generator repetitively generates voltage pulses between the first and second electrode members so as to produce glow discharges in the air gaps between the conductive surfaces of the first plurality and the conductive surfaces of the second plurality, the voltage pulses being generated at time intervals less than 1 millisecond and voltage pulse duration less than about 500 ns, the glow discharges being adapted to transform part of the flow of air into reactive gas. An output section delivers the reactive gas from the reactor channel to a sample or region to be decontaminated or treated.

Disclosed herein is a plasma generator capable of stably performing the discharge and an appliance having the same, wherein the plasma generator is configured to generate the discharge by plasma. The plasma generator includes a first case configured to store water to be treated; a second case disposed inside the first case and provided with a body having opposite sides opened, and a cover covering opened one side of the body; a first electrode disposed such that at least thereof is immersed in the water to be treated stored in the first case; and a second electrode disposed inside the second case. The second electrode is apart from a water surface of the water to be treated in an upper side of the water surface of the water to be treated in contact with opened other side of the body opposite to one side of the body.

Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for generating non-thermal plasma which can form reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as those used to neutralize bacteria and other pathogens in the air and surrounding area. Also disclosed are apparatuses and methods for neutralizing bacteria and other pathogens using ROS generated through the use of non-thermal plasma. Also disclosed are apparatuses and methods for generating ROS. Also disclosed are apparatuses and methods for treating air and nearby surfaces.