An input coupler for an accelerating cavity includes a cylindrical external conductor; a cylindrical internal conductor arranged coaxially with the external conductor, inside of which a heating medium circulates; a plate provided between the inner surface of the external conductor and the outer surface of the internal conductor; a cooling part for cooling the plate from the external conductor side to the freezing point of water or lower; and a heat insulating part provided on the part at which the internal conductor and the plate are connected, the heat insulating part having lower thermal conductivity than that of the internal conductor. The plate is connected to the internal conductor via the heat insulating part.

The invention, provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage,

A rotor for polishing hollow tubes, in which an outer tube is slidable over an inner tube and is provided with at least one window in the wall. At the window on the inner tube, a plate vane is fixed at the base end to an auxiliary shaft arranged perpendicular to the main shaft so as to be able to rotationally move. A link bar is arranged in the main shaft direction to extend between the outer tube and the plate vane. The rotor is able to transition between an initial state (plate vane closed) and an operational state (plate vane open) by the inner tube moving relative to the outer tube. An electrode for electropolishing or a buff for mechanical polishing is fixed to the tip end of the plate vane. This allows for adjustment of the position of the plate vane and control of the polished state.

A rotor for polishing hollow tubes, in which an outer tube is slidable over an inner tube and is provided with at least one window in the wall. At the window on the inner tube, a plate vane is fixed at the base end to an auxiliary shaft arranged perpendicular to the main shaft so as to be able to rotationally move. A link bar is arranged in the main shaft direction to extend between the outer tube and the plate vane. The rotor is able to transition between an initial state (plate vane closed) and an operational state (plate vane open) by the inner tube moving relative to the outer tube. An electrode for electropolishing or a buff for mechanical polishing is fixed to the tip end of the plate vane. This allows for adjustment of the position of the plate vane and control of the polished state.

A high-current, compact, conduction cooled superconducting radio-frequency cryomodule for particle accelerators. The cryomodule will accelerate an electron beam of average current up to 1 ampere in continuous wave (CW) mode or at high duty factor. The cryomodule consists of a single-cell superconducting radio-frequency cavity made of high-purity niobium, with an inner coating of Nb.sub.3Sn and an outer coating of pure copper. Conduction cooling is achieved by using multiple closed-cycle refrigerators. Power is fed into the cavity by two coaxial couplers. Damping of the high-order modes is achieved by a warm beam-pipe ferrite damper.

A high-current, compact, conduction cooled superconducting radio-frequency cryomodule for particle accelerators. The cryomodule will accelerate an electron beam of average current up to 1 ampere in continuous wave (CW) mode or at high duty factor. The cryomodule consists of a single-cell superconducting radio-frequency cavity made of high-purity niobium, with an inner coating of Nb.sub.3Sn and an outer coating of pure copper. Conduction cooling is achieved by using multiple closed-cycle refrigerators. Power is fed into the cavity by two coaxial couplers. Damping of the high-order modes is achieved by a warm beam-pipe ferrite damper.

A superconducting accelerator includes an acceleration cavity, and a refrigerant tank at an outer circumference of the acceleration cavity. The gap between the refrigerant tank and the acceleration cavity is filled with a refrigerant for cooling the acceleration cavity. A pair of pressing members is provided to an outer circumference of the refrigerant tank to be positioned at both side ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction of a beam axis of the charged particle beam or at both ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction perpendicular to the beam axis. A wire is continuously wound around the outer circumference of the refrigerant tank and configured to generate a tensile force in a direction in which the pressing members are brought come into close each other. A tension adjustor is configured to adjust the tensile force generated by the wire.

A superconducting accelerator includes an acceleration cavity, and a refrigerant tank at an outer circumference of the acceleration cavity. The gap between the refrigerant tank and the acceleration cavity is filled with a refrigerant for cooling the acceleration cavity. A pair of pressing members is provided to an outer circumference of the refrigerant tank to be positioned at both side ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction of a beam axis of the charged particle beam or at both ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction perpendicular to the beam axis. A wire is continuously wound around the outer circumference of the refrigerant tank and configured to generate a tensile force in a direction in which the pressing members are brought come into close each other. A tension adjustor is configured to adjust the tensile force generated by the wire.

The present invention provides a process and structure of microfabricated air bridges for planar microwave resonator circuits. In an embodiment, the invention includes depositing a superconducting film on a surface of a base material, where the superconducting film is formed with a compressive stress, where the compressive stress is higher than a critical buckling stress of a defined structure, etching an exposed area of the superconducting film, thereby creating the at least one bridge, etching the base material, thereby forming a gap between the at least one bridge and the base material, depositing the at least one metal line on at least part of the superconducting film and at least part of the base material, where the at least one metal line runs under the bridge.

A method for removing microscopic contaminant particulates by high pressure liquid nitrogen jet cleaning from the inner surface of a superconducting radio frequency cavity or a string of multiple cavities and transporting the removed particulates out of the inner space enclosed by the cleaned surfaces. The cleaning method of the invention suppresses field emission, resulting in an increase of the usable accelerating gradient of the cavities and a reduction of the activated radioactivity in accelerator components around cavities.