A pattern forming photo-curing layer is heated, thereby enabling quick shaping. A pattern manufacturing apparatus (100) includes a controller (101), a laser projector (102), and a heater (103). The controller (101) controls the laser projector (102) to form a pattern on a pattern forming sheet (130) placed on a stage (140). The laser projector (102) includes an optical engine (121), and the controller (101) controls the laser projector (102) to irradiate the pattern forming sheet (130) with a light beam from the optical engine (121). The heater (103) heats the pattern forming sheet (130).

An image forming unit forms a black image. A motor drives the image forming unit. A control circuit controls the motor. A first connector to which the motor is connected via a control line. A second connector to which a control target is not connected. A substrate on which the control circuit, the first connector, and the second connector are arranged. A predetermined mark is formed on the substrate through silk screen printing. A distance between the predetermined mark and the second connector is shorter than a distance between the predetermined mark and the first connector. If the substrate is disposed in a multi-color image forming apparatus configured to form a color image, a control target for the multi-color image forming apparatus is connected to the second connector.

A circuit board with anti-corrosion properties, a method for manufacturing the circuit board, and an electronic device are provided. The circuit board includes a circuit substrate, a first protective layer, and a second protective layer. The circuit substrate includes a base layer and an outer wiring layer formed on the base layer. The circuit substrate further defines a via hole connected to the outer wiring layer. The first protective layer is formed on the outer wiring layer and an inner sidewall of the via hole, and is made of a white oil. The second protective layer is formed on the first protective layer.

There is provided a wiring substrate whose mechanical strength, water resistance, humidity resistance, and product yield can be improved. This wiring substrate includes a device region in which a main wiring pattern composed of a metal layer is embedded in an insulating layer; a peripheral region which surrounds a periphery of the device region and in which a dummy wiring pattern composed of a metal layer is embedded in an insulating layer; and an insulating boundary region interposed between the device region and the peripheral region, composed of an insulating layer. The insulating boundary region has a winding shape in which it is possible to draw a virtual straight line alternately traversing the metal layer constituting the dummy wiring pattern and the insulating layer constituting the insulating boundary region, parallel to an inscribed line of at least one side of an outer edge of the device region.

An adhesion between a sealing resin layer and a shield film is improved by a mesh sheet disposed on an opposite surface of the sealing resin layer. A radio frequency module includes a wiring board, a component mounted on an upper surface of the wiring board, a sealing resin layer that covers the component, a mesh sheet disposed on an upper surface of the sealing resin layer, and a shield film provided to cover the upper surface and side surfaces of the sealing resin layer, and the mesh sheet. The mesh sheet and the sealing resin layer, as well as the mesh sheet and the shield film are firmly in adhesion with one another. Thus, the adhesion between the sealing resin layer and the shield film can be improved.

A display apparatus includes a printed circuit board including first to fourth output pad regions and a flexible circuit board having a first end connected to a display panel and a second end connected to the printed circuit board. The first output pad region includes a 1.sup.st-1.sup.st output pad group and a 1.sup.st-2.sup.nd output pad group, the second output pad region includes a 2.sup.nd-1.sup.st output pad group and a 2.sup.nd-2.sup.nd output pad group, the fourth output pad region includes a 4.sup.th-1.sup.st output pad group and a 4.sup.th-2.sup.nd output pad group, and the printed circuit board includes a first input terminal electrically connected to the 1.sup.st-1.sup.st output pad group, a second input terminal electrically connected to the 2.sup.nd-2.sup.nd output pad group, a third input terminal electrically connected to the first input terminal, and a fourth input terminal electrically connected to the 4.sup.th-2.sup.nd output pad group.

A vertical circuit board printer includes a multi-layer conveyor, a printer assembly, and a control system. The multi-layer conveyor includes a number of front conveyors and one rear conveyor. Each upper front conveyor is coupled to a lower front conveyor by a circuit board-lowering mechanism to transport a number of circuit boards in sequence from the number of front conveyors to the rear conveyor. The printer assembly includes a number of printers arranged in sequence above the number of front conveyors. The control system controls operation of the multi-layer conveyor and controls operation of the printing assembly through a software system.

A method for mounting a printed circuit board for an automotive vehicle on a carrier structure including at least one rivet. The printed circuit board includes at least one mounting aperture that is capable of accommodating the rivet and which defines an electrical conduction zone and at least one mark having a control end up to which the mark extends over the electrical conduction zone. The method includes a step of positioning the printed circuit board on the carrier structure such that the rivet extends through the mounting aperture, a step of riveting the rivet such that its head is at least partly flattened on the electrical conduction zone and a step of determining the conformity of riveting when the head of the rivet covers the control end of the mark.

A component carrier related body which includes a stack with a plurality of electrically conductive and/or electrically insulating layer structures, and at least two information carrying structures formed vertically displaced on at least two different of the layer structures, wherein at least two of the at least two information carrying structures are laterally displaced in a plan view on the stack.

A system for tracking objects such as a printed circuit board (PCB) undergoing multiple manufacturing processes traceability system includes a coding unit, a scanning unit, and a reading unit and a database. The printed circuit board includes at least two inner copper foil substrates, subsequent substrates can be added. The coding unit marks identification and manufacturing stage codes on the inner copper foil substrate for through scanning by the scanning unit emitting X-rays. The reading unit can receive and parse the codes identified by the X-rays, and determine the previous or a next stage according to a predetermined encoding rule without risk of stage repetition or stage omission or product misplacement. The database stores standard identities and information as to manufacturing stages as a reference.