Some aspects of this disclosure generally are related to improving the robustness of a flexible circuit structure, for example, by providing fault-tolerant electrical pathways for flow of electric current through the flexible circuit structure. In some embodiments, such fault tolerance is enhanced by way of a conductive mesh provided between an adjacent pair of resistive elements. Some aspects are related to improved voltage, current, or voltage and current measurement associated with various pairs of adjacent resistive elements at least when the various pairs have differing distances between them.

An image forming apparatus includes a first circuit board, a first cable, and a second cable. The first circuit board includes a first connector and a second connector. The first cable is connected to the first connector. The second cable is connected to the second connector. An insertion direction of the first cable to the first connector is along a first direction. An insertion direction of the second cable to the second connector is along a second direction that intersects with the first direction.

Heat transfer devices and systems for thermally coupling electrical components to a heatsink can comprise one or more all-metal heat transfer device(s) thermally coupling at least one electrical component to a heatsink. A heat transfer device can comprise a metal cup attached to a metal heatsink, and a metal piston and a compliant device disposed in the cup. The piston is forcible to a secured first position, upon reflowing solder, while compressing the compliant device. Upon reflowing solder again, the compliant device causes the piston to bias and attach to the electrical component to provide an all-metal thermal path and absorb assembly tolerances to avoid using thermal gap fillers. A method is provided for thermally coupling a heatsink to a plurality of electrical components via a plurality of all-metal, expandable heat transfer devices.

A bridge section 12 is disposed in an area where mounting sections 11 are opposed to each other such that it is displaced toward a predetermined side. Accordingly, even if the line width of the bridge section 12 is formed larger than that in the related art, the self-alignment phenomenon can occur appropriately in a reflow process. It is thus possible to provide a resin-sealed module having high resin-charging properties and including a circuit substrate on which the bridge section 12 is not broken even if the size of a common land electrode 10 is reduced in accordance with a smaller size of a circuit component 5 and on which a sufficient gap between plural circuit components 5 mounted on the circuit substrate is reliably secured.

An upper circuit board body has a first upper main surface and a first lower main surface. A lower circuit board body has a second upper main surface and a second lower main surface. A lower circuit board first mounting electrode and one or more lower circuit board second mounting electrodes are disposed on the second upper main surface. A first component is mounted on the one or more lower circuit board second mounting electrodes. A first conductor member is mounted on the lower circuit board first mounting electrode and is disposed on the left of the first component. A second conductor member is disposed on the first lower main surface, is connected to the upper end of the first conductor member, and overlaps at least a part of the first component as viewed in the downward direction.

Some aspects of this disclosure generally are related to improving the robustness of a flexible circuit structure, for example, by providing fault-tolerant electrical pathways for flow of electric current through the flexible circuit structure. In some embodiments, such fault tolerance is enhanced by way of a conductive mesh provided between an adjacent pair of resistive elements. Some aspects are related to improved voltage, current, or voltage and current measurement associated with various pairs of adjacent resistive elements at least when the various pairs have differing distances between them.

A board includes a separating zone in an area closer to the edge than to the center of the board, the separating zone including one elongated through hole. A first group of electronic components that is a source of heat or electric noise is placed in a first area on the center side with respect to the separating zone of the board. On the other hand, a second group of electronic components from which influence of heat or electric noise from other components needs to be eliminated to a maximum extent is placed in a second area on the edge side with respect to the separating zone of the board.

An electromagnetic wave transmission board proofed against internal signal leakage includes an inner plate, a first outer plate, a second outer plate, a first plate bump, a first conductive bump, a second plate bump, and a second conductive bump. The inner plate defines a first through hole with a plated metal layer on the hole wall. The first and second plated bumps are disposed between the first outer and inner plates. The second plate bump and the second conductive bump are disposed between the second outer plate and the inner plate. The plate metal layer, the first plate bump, the first conductive bump, the first outer plate, the second outer plate, the second conductive bump, and the second plated bump jointly form an air-filled chamber. A method for manufacturing the electromagnetic wave transmission board is also provided.

Some aspects of this disclosure generally are related to improving the robustness of a flexible circuit structure, for example, by providing fault-tolerant electrical pathways for flow of electric current through the flexible circuit structure. In some embodiments, such fault tolerance is enhanced by way of a conductive mesh provided between an adjacent pair of resistive elements. Some aspects are related to improved voltage, current, or voltage and current measurement associated with various pairs of adjacent resistive elements at least when the various pairs have differing distances between them.

Provided are an electronic device and a manufacturing method therefor such that, when connecting a first electronic component configured to have a step difference near an external connection terminal to a second electronic component via wiring, the size increase of a manufacturing device can be avoided, wiring can be carried out at a low-cost, and the reliability of the wiring connections can be improved. An LCD (10) and an IC (20) are embedded and exposed in a resin molding (30) in such a manner that a connection electrode (13a) of the LCD (10) and an electrode of the IC (20) are positioned on the same plane.