The present disclosure relates to substituted thiophene carboxamides and analogues thereof of formula (I) that may be used for protecting plants from bacterial diseases, in particular from bacterial diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Xanthomonas.

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The present invention provides methods and compositions comprising agonist compounds that activate ABA receptors. In one aspect, the invention provides an agricultural formulation useful for inducing ABA responses in plant vegetative tissues, reducing abiotic stress in plants, and inhibiting germination of plant seeds. The compounds are also useful for inducing expression of ABA-responsive genes in cells that express endogenous or heterologous ABA receptors.

Methods for modulating quorum sensing in certain Gram-negative bacteria having multiple QS systems including Las, Rhl, and Pqs with associated receptors (LasR, RhlR and PqsR) which are modulated by small molecule modulators, particularly non-native modulators. Certain combinations of modulators of Las, Rhl and Pqs exhibit improved inhibition of virulence in comparison to the respective individual modulators. In particular, certain combinations of modulators exhibit improved inhibition in nutritionally depleted environments. More specifically, certain combinations of modulators exhibit improved inhibition in environments depleted in phosphate and/or environments depleted in iron. Nutrient depleted environments can mimic environments associated with bacterial infection in humans and non-human animals. The methods are useful in particular for modulating QS in Pseudomonas and Buckholderia.

Methods for modulating quorum sensing in certain Gram-negative bacteria having multiple QS systems including Las, Rhl, and Pqs with associated receptors (LasR, RhlR and PqsR) which are modulated by small molecule modulators, particularly non-native modulators. Certain combinations of modulators of Las, Rhl and Pqs exhibit improved inhibition of virulence in comparison to the respective individual modulators. In particular, certain combinations of modulators exhibit improved inhibition in nutritionally depleted environments. More specifically, certain combinations of modulators exhibit improved inhibition in environments depleted in phosphate and/or environments depleted in iron. Nutrient depleted environments can mimic environments associated with bacterial infection in humans and non-human animals. The methods are useful in particular for modulating QS in Pseudomonas and Buckholderia.

Methods for modulating quorum sensing in certain Gram-negative bacteria having multiple QS systems including Las, Rhl, and Pqs with associated receptors (LasR, RhlR and PqsR) which are modulated by small molecule modulators, particularly non-native modulators. Certain combinations of modulators of Las, Rhl and Pqs exhibit improved inhibition of virulence in comparison to the respective individual modulators. In particular, certain combinations of modulators exhibit improved inhibition in nutritionally depleted environments. More specifically, certain combinations of modulators exhibit improved inhibition in environments depleted in phosphate and/or environments depleted in iron. Nutrient depleted environments can mimic environments associated with bacterial infection in humans and non-human animals. The methods are useful in particular for modulating QS in Pseudomonas and Buckholderia.

A composition including (a) at least one (thio)phosphoric acid triamide (T) according to the general formula (Ia)

R.sup.a1R.sup.a2N—P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2  (Ia)

wherein X is oxygen or sulfur; R.sup.a1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or dialkylaminocarbonyl group; R.sup.a2 is H; or R.sup.a1 and R.sup.a2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and (b) at least one specific herbicide.

A composition including (a) at least one (thio)phosphoric acid triamide (T) according to the general formula (Ia)

R.sup.a1R.sup.a2N—P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2  (Ia)

wherein X is oxygen or sulfur; R.sup.a1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or dialkylaminocarbonyl group; R.sup.a2 is H; or R.sup.a1 and R.sup.a2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and (b) at least one specific herbicide.

A composition including (a) at least one (thio)phosphoric acid triamide (T) according to the general formula (Ia)

R.sup.a1R.sup.a2N—P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2  (Ia)

wherein X is oxygen or sulfur; R.sup.a1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or dialkylaminocarbonyl group; R.sup.a2 is H; or R.sup.a1 and R.sup.a2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and (b) at least one specific herbicide.

Novel active compound combinations comprising a carboxamide of the general formula (I) (group 1) ##STR00001##
in which A, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined in the description,
and the active compound groups (2) to (24) listed in the description have very good fungicidal properties.

Novel active compound combinations comprising a carboxamide of the general formula (I) (group 1) ##STR00001##
in which A, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined in the description,
and the active compound groups (2) to (24) listed in the description have very good fungicidal properties.