A method of manufacturing a conductive layer on a support body includes a first process of forming a precursor layer containing at least one of metal particles and metal oxide particles on the support body; a second process of forming a sintering layer by irradiating an electromagnetic wave pulse on the precursor layer; and a third process of compressing the sintering layer. The conductive layer is formed by repeating the first to third processes N times, where N denotes a natural number equal to or greater than 2, on the same location of the support body, and the third process performed in the first to (N1)th operations includes forming a surface of the sintering layer in an uneven shape.

The ampholytic surfactants show the nature of anionic surfactants in an alkaline region and the nature of cationic surfactants in an acidic region. As described below, the pretreatment solution of the present invention may preferably indicate alkalinity of pH 8.5 or higher, and therefore, it exhibits the nature of cationic surfactants by the use of ampholytic surfactants. As the ampholytic surfactants, those disclosed in JP 2011-228517 A can be used.

The capillary transfer technology presented here represents a powerful approach to transfer soft films from surface of liquid onto a solid substrate in a fast and defect-free manner. The fundamental theoretical model and transfer criteria validated with comprehensive experiments and finite element analyses, for the first time provides a quantitative guide and optimization for the choice of material systems, operating conditions and environments for scalable on-demand transfers with high yield. The intrinsically moderate capillary transfer force and externally selectable transfer direction offer robust capabilities for achieving deterministic assembly and surface properties of structures with complex layouts and patterns for potentially broad applications in the fabrication of flexible/stretchable electronics, surface wetting structures and optical devices. Integration of this technology with other advanced manufacturing technologies associated with material self-assembly, growth and layout alignment represents promising future topics and would help create emerging new manufacturing technologies that leverage unique fluidity of liquid environments.

The present invention is a dielectric ink and means for printing using said ink. Approximately 10-20% of the ink is a custom organic vehicle made of a polar solvent and a binder. Approximately 30-70% of the ink is a dielectric powder having an average particle diameter of approximately 10-750 nm. Approximately 5-15% of the ink is a dielectric constant glass. Approximately 10-35% of the ink is an additional amount of solvent. The ink is deposited on a printing substrate to form at least one printed product, which is then dried and cured to remove the solvent and binder, respectively. The printed product then undergoes sintering in an inert gas atmosphere.

An electronic circuit assembly comprises a substrate and circuit components attached to the substrate by means of an electrically conductive adhesive, wherein the adhesive is releasable under predetermined release conditions, whereby to enable the circuit components to be removed from the substrate for recovery or re-use.

The present invention is a dielectric ink and means for printing using said ink. Approximately 10-20% of the ink is a custom organic vehicle made of a polar solvent and a binder. Approximately 30-70% of the ink is a dielectric powder having an average particle diameter of approximately 10-750 nm. Approximately 5-15% of the ink is a dielectric constant glass. Approximately 10-35% of the ink is an additional amount of solvent. The ink is deposited on a printing substrate to form at least one printed product, which is then dried and cured to remove the solvent and binder, respectively. The printed product then undergoes sintering in an inert gas atmosphere.

The invention provides transient devices, including active and passive devices that physically, chemically and/or electrically transform upon application of at least one internal and/or external stimulus. Incorporation of degradable device components, degradable substrates and/or degradable encapsulating materials each having a programmable, controllable and/or selectable degradation rate provides a means of transforming the device. In some embodiments, for example, transient devices of the invention combine degradable high performance single crystalline inorganic materials with selectively removable substrates and/or encapsulants.

An apparatus is described. The electronic circuit board having electronic components thereon. A protective material coated on an exposed material of the electronic circuit board and the electronic components. The protective material being chemically inert with the exposed material. The protective material being chemically inert with an immersion bath cooling liquid that the electronic circuit board and the electronic components are to be immersed within. A thermal cooling structure of one of the electronic components that is designed to transfer heat into the immersion bath cooling liquid is not coated with the protective material.

The present disclosure relates to a printed circuit board including a first insulating layer, a pad disposed on an upper side of the first insulating layer, a protrusion disposed on the pad; and a metal post disposed on the pad and covering the protrusion, wherein the metal post has a tapered shape, such that a width of an upper surface of the metal post is smaller than a width of a lower surface of the metal post, and a method of manufacturing the printed circuit board.

A machine can include a conveyor that receives and conveys a circuit assembly treated with a UV curable coating material; a UV zone that includes LED-based UV radiation sources; a circuit assembly sensor; a heating zone; and a controller that controls power to at least one of the LED-based UV radiation sources based at least in part on information from the circuit assembly sensor.