Provided is a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a lower structure; a lower electrode on the lower structure; a dielectric layer on the lower electrode; and an upper electrode on the dielectric layer, wherein the lower electrode includes a bending reducing layer and a dielectric constant-increasing layer between the bending reducing layer and the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant-increasing layer is configured to increase a dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and an elastic modulus of the bending reducing layer is greater than an elastic modulus of the dielectric constant-increasing layer.

A DRAM device includes an isolation region defining source and drain regions in a substrate, a first bit line structure connected to the source region, a second bit line structure disposed on the isolation region, an inner spacer vertically extending on a first sidewall of the first bit line structure, an air gap is between the inner spacer and an outer spacer, a storage contact between the first and second bit line structures and connected to the drain region, a landing pad structure vertically on the storage contact, and a storage structure vertically on the landing pad structure. The sealing layer seals a top of the first air gap. The sealing layer includes a first sealing layer on a first sidewall of a pad isolation trench, and a second sealing layer on a second sidewall of the pad isolation trench and separated from the first sealing layer.

The invention relates to a DRAM structure which comprise a capacitor set and at least a transistor. The capacitor set includes a first capacitor with a first electrode and a second capacitor with a second electrode, and a counter electrode is shared by the first and the second capacitors. The counter electrode is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an extension direction of an active region of the transistor, or the counter electrode is not positioned above or below the first and second electrode.

The invention relates to a DRAM structure which comprise a capacitor set and at least a transistor. The capacitor set includes a first capacitor with a first electrode and a second capacitor with a second electrode, and a counter electrode is shared by the first and the second capacitors. The counter electrode is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an extension direction of an active region of the transistor, or the counter electrode is not positioned above or below the first and second electrode.

An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a lower electrode including a main portion having a sidewall with at least one step portion, and a top portion having a width less than that of the main portion in a lateral direction. An upper support pattern contacts the top portion of the lower electrode. The upper support pattern includes a seam portion. To manufacture an IC device, a mold pattern and an upper sacrificial support pattern through which a plurality of holes pass are formed on a substrate. A plurality of lower electrodes are formed inside the plurality of holes. A peripheral space is formed on the mold pattern. An enlarged peripheral space is formed by reducing a width and a height of the top portion. An upper support pattern is formed to fill the enlarged peripheral space.

Disclosed are a laser annealing system and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device using the same. The laser annealing system having multiple laser devices may include a stage, on which a substrate is loaded, a light source generating a plurality of laser beams to be provided to the substrate, an optical delivery system disposed between the light source and the stage and used to deliver the laser beams, a homogenizing system disposed between the optical delivery system and the stage, the homogenizing system including an array lens including a plurality of lens cells which allow the laser beams to pass therethrough and homogenize the laser beams, and an imaging optical system disposed between the homogenizing system and the stage to image the laser beams on the substrate.

Provided are a dielectric including an oxide represented by Formula 1 below and having a cubic crystal structure, a capacitor including the dielectric, a semiconductor device including the dielectric, and a method of manufacturing the dielectric.

(Rb.sub.xA.sub.1-x)(B.sub.yTa.sub.1-y)O.sub.3-<Formula 1>

In Formula 1 above, A is K, Na, Li, Cs, or a combination thereof, B is Nb, V, or a combination thereof, and 0.1x0.2, 0y0.2, and 00.5 are satisfied.

A semiconductor memory device includes a stack disposed over a first substrate; an etch barrier including a plurality of dummy channels which pass through the stack and surround a coupling region; and a plurality of channels passing through the stack in a cell region outside the coupling region. The stack has a structure in which first dielectric layers and second dielectric layers are alternately stacked, inside the coupling region, and has a structure in which the first dielectric layers and electrode layers are alternately stacked, outside the coupling region.

A DRAM device includes an isolation region defining source and drain regions in a substrate, a first bit line structure connected to the source region, a second bit line structure disposed on the isolation region, an inner spacer vertically extending on a first sidewall of the first bit line structure, an air gap is between the inner spacer and an outer spacer, a storage contact between the first and second bit line structures and connected to the drain region, a landing pad structure vertically on the storage contact, and a storage structure vertically on the landing pad structure. The sealing layer seals a top of the first air gap. The sealing layer includes a first sealing layer on a first sidewall of a pad isolation trench, and a second sealing layer on a second sidewall of the pad isolation trench and separated from the first sealing layer.

The invention relates to a DRAM structure which comprise a capacitor set and at least a transistor. The capacitor set includes a first capacitor with a first electrode and a second capacitor with a second electrode, and a counter electrode is shared by the first and the second capacitors. The counter electrode is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an extension direction of an active region of the transistor, or the counter electrode is not positioned above or below the first and second electrode.