A solar cell module includes a first substrate and a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements disposed on the first substrate. Each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements includes a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode. In at least two of the photoelectric conversion elements adjacent to each other, the hole transport layers are extended continuous layers; and the first electrodes, the electron transport layers, and the perovskite layers in the at least two of the photoelectric conversion elements adjacent to each other are separated by the hole transport layer. The hole transport layer includes, as hole transport material, a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 or more or a compound having a molecular weight of 2,000 or more.

An organic hole transport material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is an organic hole transport material doped with an acid-base adduct, in which the acid-base adduct is formed by an acid-base reaction involving an acid and a base, and the acid contains hydrogen ions (H.sup.+) and has the formula H.sup.+X.sup.−, where H.sup.+ corresponds to a hydrogen ion, and X.sup.− corresponds to an anion and corresponds to TFSI.sup.−.

Provided are a perovskite optoelectronic device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The optoelectronic device of the present invention comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a photoactive layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite photoactive layer; and a second electrode disposed on the photoactive layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle photoactive layer. The present invention can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to be opposed to the first electrode; and an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first organic semiconductor material, a second organic semiconductor material, and a third organic semiconductor material. The second organic semiconductor material has a Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) level being deeper than a Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) level of the first organic semiconductor material and having a difference of 1.0 eV or more and 2.0 eV or less from the LUMO level of the first organic semiconductor material. The third organic semiconductor material has a crystalline property and has a linear absorption coefficient of 10000 cm.sup.−1 or less in a visible light region and an optical absorption edge wavelength of 550 nm or less.

A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to be opposed to the first electrode; and an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first organic semiconductor material, a second organic semiconductor material, and a third organic semiconductor material. The second organic semiconductor material has a Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) level being deeper than a Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) level of the first organic semiconductor material and having a difference of 1.0 eV or more and 2.0 eV or less from the LUMO level of the first organic semiconductor material. The third organic semiconductor material has a crystalline property and has a linear absorption coefficient of 10000 cm.sup.−1 or less in a visible light region and an optical absorption edge wavelength of 550 nm or less.

A method for preparing a perovskite cell with multiple hole transport layers is described. The method includes a process of forming the multiple hole transport layers, where the process of forming the multiple hole transport layers includes the following steps: (1) sputtering a nickel oxide target material in a first atmosphere to form a first hole transport layer, where the first atmosphere contains argon and oxygen, and a volume ratio of the argon to the oxygen is approximately 0:1 to 1.5: 1; (2) performing annealing treatment on the first hole transport layer; and (3) sputtering the nickel oxide target material onto the first hole transport layer subjected to the annealing treatment in a second atmosphere to form a second hole transport layer, where the second atmosphere contains argon-containing gas and oxygen. A perovskite cell (100) with multiple hole transport layers prepared by using the above method is described.

A method for preparing a perovskite cell with multiple hole transport layers is described. The method includes a process of forming the multiple hole transport layers, where the process of forming the multiple hole transport layers includes the following steps: (1) sputtering a nickel oxide target material in a first atmosphere to form a first hole transport layer, where the first atmosphere contains argon and oxygen, and a volume ratio of the argon to the oxygen is approximately 0:1 to 1.5: 1; (2) performing annealing treatment on the first hole transport layer; and (3) sputtering the nickel oxide target material onto the first hole transport layer subjected to the annealing treatment in a second atmosphere to form a second hole transport layer, where the second atmosphere contains argon-containing gas and oxygen. A perovskite cell (100) with multiple hole transport layers prepared by using the above method is described.

A perovskite solar cell includes following components provided successively from bottom to top: a transparent conductive glass substrate, a first transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second transport layer, a conductive electrode, and a back plate glass. The perovskite solar cell further includes an encapsulating adhesive. The transparent conductive glass substrate, the back plate glass, and the encapsulating adhesive form an enclosed space. The enclosed space contains a mixture of an inert gas and a methylamine gas, where a volume ratio of the inert gas to the methylamine gas is in a range from 9:1 to 5:5.

A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to be opposed to the first electrode; an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided between the first electrode and second electrode; and a buffer layer provided between the first electrode and the organic photoelectric conversion layer, and including a mellitic acid derivative represented by the general formula (1).

A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to be opposed to the first electrode; an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided between the first electrode and second electrode; and a buffer layer provided between the first electrode and the organic photoelectric conversion layer, and including a mellitic acid derivative represented by the general formula (1).