A display device includes a circuit element layer including at least one transistor, a display element layer disposed on the circuit element layer and including a first area including first, second, and third light emitting areas and a first non-light-emitting area and a second area including fourth, fifth, and sixth areas and a second non-light-emitting area, a first light emitting element to provide a first light to each of the first light emitting area and the fourth light emitting area, a second light emitting element to provide a second light to each of the second light emitting area and the fifth emitting area, and a third light emitting element to provide a third light to each of the third light emitting area and the sixth emitting area, a pixel definition layer provided with openings, and a division pattern disposed in at least some of the openings. The division pattern divides each of the fourth, fifth, and sixth light emitting areas of the second area into a plurality of sub-unit areas. The second non-light-emitting area of the second area includes a first sub-non-light-emitting area and a second sub-non-light-emitting area, and the pixel definition layer overlaps the first non-light-emitting area of the first area and the first sub-non-light-emitting area of the second area and has a transmittance different from a transmittance of the division pattern.

A display panel includes light-emitting electrodes respectively disposed in first to third emission areas, first intermediate layers respectively disposed in the first to third emission areas and respectively overlapping the light-emitting electrodes, a bank layer covering an edge of each of the first intermediate layers and including openings respectively overlapping the first intermediate layers, a counter electrode disposed on the bank layer and covering the light-emitting electrodes, quantum dot light-emitting layers arranged below the counter electrode and respectively disposed in the first to third emission areas, and a second intermediate layer between the first intermediate layer in the first emission area and the quantum dot light-emitting layer in the first emission area. The second intermediate layer is disposed in an opening of the bank layer corresponding to the first emission area, the opening being one of the openings of the bank layer.

A display device includes a substrate, an emission structure disposed on the substrate, a first refraction pattern disposed on the emission structure, a second refraction pattern disposed on the first refraction pattern and covering the first refraction pattern, where the second refraction pattern includes an inorganic material, and a third refraction pattern disposed on the second refraction pattern and having a refractive index less than a refractive index of the first refraction pattern.

A display device includes a display panel, a first insulating layer on the display panel and having a first refractive index, and a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer and having a second refractive index. The display panel includes a pixel definition layer in which a plurality of emission openings are defined, and a plurality of light emitting elements that respectively correspond to the plurality of emission openings. The first insulating layer has a plurality of openings that correspondingly overlap the plurality of emission openings. Each of the plurality of emission openings extends in an extending direction. Each of the plurality of openings extends in a direction that intersects an extending direction of an overlapped emission opening.

A method includes accessing a display structure for manufacturing a display panel for an under-display camera (UDC) system. The method further includes computing a point spread function (PSF) of the UDC system with the display structure and computing a metric to evaluate performance of the display structure based on the PSF. The method further includes determining that the metric does not satisfy selection criteria for using the display structure for manufacturing the display panel for the UDC system and in response to the determination, iteratively optimizing the display structure, using an automated searching process, until the metric satisfies the selection criteria. The method further includes generating an optimized display structure responsive to completion of the automated searching process. The optimized display structure is used for manufacturing the display panel for the UDC system.

A display device includes a base layer, a first electrode on the base layer, a pixel-defining layer in which an opening exposing an upper surface of the first electrode is defined, a protective layer overlapping the pixel-defining layer and between the pixel-defining layer and the first electrode, a functional layer on the first electrode in the opening, an auxiliary electrode on an upper surface of the pixel-defining layer, and a second electrode on the functional layer and the auxiliary electrode.

The present application provides a display panel and a display module with variable sub-pixel opening area. The display panel includes a display area, a non-display area, and a transition area disposed between the display area and the non-display area. The transition area comprises a first sub-pixel area and a second sub-pixel area, and the first sub-pixel area comprises a first opening and the second sub-pixel area comprises a second opening. The first opening is disposed closer to the display area than the second opening, and the first opening has an area greater than the area of the second opening.

A display apparatus includes a display element; a substrate including: an opening area, a display area adjacent to the opening area, a non-display area between the opening area and the display area, and a boundary line separating the opening area from the non-display area; an encapsulation layer including: a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer and a second inorganic encapsulation layer in the display area, and the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer extending from the display area to the non-display area; and a dam portion in the non-display area and corresponding to the boundary line. The dam portion which corresponds to the boundary line includes a plurality of grooves in which the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer which are in the non-display area, are in contact with each other.

A display apparatus includes a display element; a substrate including: an opening area, a display area adjacent to the opening area, a non-display area between the opening area and the display area, and a boundary line separating the opening area from the non-display area; an encapsulation layer including: a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer and a second inorganic encapsulation layer in the display area, and the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer extending from the display area to the non-display area; and a dam portion in the non-display area and corresponding to the boundary line. The dam portion which corresponds to the boundary line includes a plurality of grooves in which the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer which are in the non-display area, are in contact with each other.

A display device including a plurality of pixels over a substrate, the display device includes: a pixel-defining layer covering edges of a first electrode of each of the plurality of pixels; a first spacer arranged on the pixel-defining layer and including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the first spacer having a width increasing toward the substrate, and the second portion of the first spacer being arranged between the first portion of the first spacer and the substrate and having a width decreasing toward the substrate; and a first hole arranged apart from the first electrode between the plurality of pixels, the first hole being formed in the second portion of the first spacer and the pixel-defining layer.