An organic electroluminescent element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. A protective layer and a planarization layer are disposed in this order on the light emission side of whichever of the first and second electrodes is closer to the light emission side. A surface of the protective layer adjacent to the planarization layer has an uneven shape. The planarization layer is in contact with the protective layer. A surface of the planarization layer away from the protective layer is flat. The refractive index of the planarization layer is equal to or lower than that of the protective layer and equal to or higher than that of a light emission medium in contact with the planarization layer.

A high-resolution display system is provided. A display system with high display quality is provided. The display system includes a processing unit and a display unit. A first image signal is supplied to the processing unit. The processing unit has a function of generating a second image signal by using the first image signal. The processing unit has a function of generating a correction signal. The display unit includes a pixel. The pixel includes a display element and a memory circuit. The second image signal and the correction signal are supplied to the pixel. The memory circuit has a function of retaining the correction signal.

A light-emitting apparatus with low power consumption is provided. A light-emitting apparatus including a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer. The first light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer positioned between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer includes a layer including a material with a refractive index lower than or equal to 1.75 at 467 nm. The first color conversion layer includes a first substance capable of emission by absorbing light. Light emitted from the first light-emitting device enters the first color conversion layer.

A pixel structure, a display substrate and a driving method therefor, and a display device. The pixel structure includes a plurality of pixel units; each pixel unit comprises a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, a third sub-pixel, and a central sub-pixel; the central sub-pixel is located in an area enclosed by the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel; the minimum distance from the central sub-pixel to at least one of the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel in a same pixel unit is less than the distance between two adjacent pixel units.

A transparent display device includes a display panel including first areas which are emission areas and second areas which are transmission areas, the display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, the first substrate includes an insulating layer having an open hole that is prepared by removing the insulating layer by at least a partial thickness in the second area, and the second substrate includes a transparent spacer located in the second area and pulled into the open hole.

A display device includes a first light emitting layer having a first length in a first direction and emitting a first light, a second light emitting layer having a second length in the first direction and emitting a second light different from the first light, a first refractive layer on the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer and including a plurality of refractive patterns having a first refractive index, a second refractive layer which covers the first refractive layer and has a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index, and a plurality of first black matrices on the second refractive layer and adjacent to the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer in a second direction crossing the first direction.

An organic light-emitting diode panel for a lighting device includes a substrate including an array area having an emission area and a dummy area disposed outside the array area, an auxiliary wiring pattern, a first electrode, a passivation pattern, an OLED emission structure, a second electrode, an adhesive layer, and an encapsulation layer. The passivation pattern and the adhesive layer have an uneven boundary surface therebetween in the dummy area. Alternatively, a lower surface of the adhesive layer has a 3D structure. Thus, a moisture intrusion path between the passivation pattern and the adhesive layer of the dummy area of the substrate may be increased. Thus, degradation of the OLED emission structure due to external moisture intrusion may be reduced or prevented.

A display device includes: a first transistor; an insulating layer disposed on the first transistor; a first pixel electrode which is connected to the first transistor and disposed on the insulating layer and defines a first opening exposing the insulating layer therein; a pixel defining layer disposed on the first pixel electrode and defining a plurality of second openings exposing the first pixel electrode therein; and a first light emitting layer disposed on the pixel defining layer to fill the plurality of second openings.

A transparent display device is provided, which may reduce or minimize loss of light transmittance due to a touch sensor and a touch line and simplify a touch process. The transparent display device includes a substrate provided with a plurality of transmissive areas and a non-transmissive area including a plurality of light emission areas disposed between the transmissive areas adjacent to each other, a plurality of light emitting elements provided in each of the plurality of light emission areas over the substrate, a plurality of touch sensors provided in each of the plurality of transmissive areas over the substrate, a plurality of touch lines provided in the non-transmissive area over the substrate and extended in a first direction, and a plurality of bridge lines provided in the non-transmissive area over the substrate and extended in a second direction to connect at least two touch sensors disposed in the second direction with one of the plurality of the touch lines.

Light-emitting surface mount devices comprised of an array of emitters forming multi-color and white pixels wherein the multi-color pixels have at least substantially the same overall pixel height and width as the white pixels in the array and methods of making same are disclosed. Visual uniformity is enhanced thereby. Light-emitting arrays of color pixel groups with adjacent pixel groups arranged relative to one another, such as by using different color orders, color orientations or color alignments, so that the off-axis color skew is more dispersed between many viewing angles and thus reduced or even eliminated when large groups of emitters are simultaneously observed from a specific viewing angle,