An organic light emitting element is disclosed. The organic light emitting element includes: a first electrode; a multi-sub-layered organic emission layer on the first electrode; a second electrode on the multi-sub-layered organic emission layer; and a blend barrier layer between two sub-layers of the multi-sub-layered organic emission layer, which are adjacent to each other and includes first solvents, and configured to include a second solvent having an opposite polarity to that of the first solvent. Such an organic light emitting element can have enhanced light emission efficiency and extended life span.

Thin films of organic semiconducting material comprising perylene diimide small molecules with pyrrolic N—H bonds. Films are prepared using green solvents including water and alcohols. The films can be solvent-resistant and generally range in thickness from 10 to 1000 nm. Perylene diimide molecules are dissolved in solvent by addition of a base to polarize the pyrrolic N—H bond believed to generate an ionic salt in alcohol or aqueous solution. Devices containing such films are provided. Methods of making films and methods of using films in OPV device applications and in amine sensors are provided.

Thin films of organic semiconducting material comprising perylene diimide small molecules with pyrrolic N—H bonds. Films are prepared using green solvents including water and alcohols. The films can be solvent-resistant and generally range in thickness from 10 to 1000 nm. Perylene diimide molecules are dissolved in solvent by addition of a base to polarize the pyrrolic N—H bond believed to generate an ionic salt in alcohol or aqueous solution. Devices containing such films are provided. Methods of making films and methods of using films in OPV device applications and in amine sensors are provided.

Provided are a core-shell structured perovskite nanocrystalline particle light-emitting body, a method of preparing the same, and a light emitting device using the same. The core-shell structured organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystalline particle light-emitting body or metal halide perovskite nanocrystalline particle light-emitting body is able to be dispersed in an organic solvent, and has a perovskite nanocrystal structure and a core-shell structured nanocrystalline particle structure. Therefore, in the perovskite nanocrystalline particle light-emitting body of the present invention, as a shell is formed of a substance having a wider band gap than that of a core, excitons may be more dominantly confined in the core, and durability of the nanocrystal may be improved to prevent exposure of the core perovskite to the air using a perovskite or inorganic semiconductor, which is stable in the air, or an organic polymer.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for forming an organic semiconductor film that is excellent in printing properties and makes is possible to prepare an organic thin film transistor excellent in mobility and insulation reliability. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic thin film transistor, electronic paper, and a display device. The composition for forming an organic semiconductor film of the present invention contains an organic semiconductor material, a phenolic reductant, a polymer compound having a weight-average molecular weight of equal to or greater than 500,000, a surfactant, and an organic solvent having a standard boiling point of equal to or higher than 150° C., in which a ratio of a content of the organic semiconductor material to a content of the polymer compound is 0.02 to 10 based on mass, and a ratio of a content of the phenolic reductant to the content of the polymer compound is 0.1 to 5 based on mass.

The present invention provides a hole transport material, a preparation method thereof, and an electroluminescent device. Through ingenious molecular design, a xanthracene structure is combined with different electron-donating groups to synthesize a series of hole transport materials with a suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and a suitable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, and a series of high-performance display devices can be manufactured using the hole transport materials provided by the present invention.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a particle and a surface species, where the particle has a characteristic length between greater than zero nm and 100 nm inclusively, and the surface species is associated with a surface of the particle such that the particle maintains a crystalline form when the composition is at a temperature between −180° C. and 150° C.

A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, includes disposing an electron transport layer on a transparent conductive substrate, disposing an additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer on the electron transport layer, disposing a hole transport layer on the additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer, and disposing an electrode on the hole transport layer. The disposing of the additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer includes adding an additive having hydrophobicity to a perovskite precursor solution, and applying the additive-added perovskite precursor solution onto the electron transport layer to form the additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer.

A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, includes disposing an electron transport layer on a transparent conductive substrate, disposing an additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer on the electron transport layer, disposing a hole transport layer on the additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer, and disposing an electrode on the hole transport layer. The disposing of the additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer includes adding an additive having hydrophobicity to a perovskite precursor solution, and applying the additive-added perovskite precursor solution onto the electron transport layer to form the additive-doped perovskite light absorption layer.

A process of forming a photoactive layer of a planar perovskite photoactive device comprising: applying at least one layer of a first precursor solution to a substrate to form a first precursor coating on at least one surface of the substrate, the first precursor solution comprising MX.sub.2 and AX dissolved in a first coating solvent, wherein the molar ratio of MX.sub.2:AX=1:n with 0<n<1; and applying a second precursor solution to the first precursor coating to convert the first precursor coating to a perovskite layer AMX.sub.3, the second precursor solution comprising AX dissolved in a second coating solvent, the first precursor solution reacting with the second precursor solution to form a perovskite layer AMX.sub.3 on the substrate, wherein A comprises an ammonium group or other nitrogen containing organic cation, M is selected from Pb, Sn, Ge, Ca, Sr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ba, Si, Ti, Bi, or In, X is selected from at least one of F, Cl, Br or I.