A charge-transfer salt formed from a material comprising a repeat unit of formula (I) and an n-dopant: wherein BG is a backbone group of the repeat unit; R.sup.1 is a ionic substituent comprising at least one cationic or anionic group; n is at least 1; R.sup.2 is a non-ionic substituent; and m is 0 or a positive integer; the material further comprising a counterion balancing the charge of the cationic or anionic group.

##STR00001##

A compound of the formula, plus devices incorporating this compound, and a method of marking such devices: ##STR00001## wherein: A represents a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group or two phenyl groups linked by a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl chain; B.sup.1 and B.sup.2 in each occurrence are independently selected side chains of the structure
—(Y.sup.1).sub.n-L-(Y.sup.2).sub.m—X wherein: Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 in each occurrence are independently selected from O, CO.sub.2— and CH.sub.2O, m and n in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; L in each occurrence is a C.sub.2-C.sub.14 straight chain alkyl group; and X in each occurrence is an independently selected cross linkable group; C is a side chain of the structure —(Z.sup.1).sub.p-M-(Z.sup.2).sub.q-E wherein: Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently selected from O, CO.sub.2— and CH.sub.2O, p and q in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; M is a C.sub.1-C.sub.14 straight chain alkyl group; and E comprises a charge transport group; D is a side chain of the structure —(W.sup.1).sub.r—N—(W.sup.2).sub.s—F wherein: W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 are independently selected from O, CO.sub.2— and CH.sub.2O, r and s in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; N is a C.sub.1-C.sub.14 straight chain alkyl group; and F comprises a charge transport group or light emitter group; and wherein the charge transport group E does not contain a fluorene group other than those that form part of a spirobifluorenearylamine motif.

An optical data communication system may include one or more para-phenylenevinylenes, a receiver for an optical data communication system comprising para-phenylenevinylene(s), a transmitter for an optical data communication system comprising para-phenylenevinylene(s), the use of para-phenylenevinylene(s) in an optical data communication system, specific para-phenylenevinylene(s) and their preparation.

The present invention relates to formulations comprising at least one hyperbranched polymer which contains 30 to 70 mol % of at least one hole-transporting recurring unit A, 5 to 30 mol % of least one branching recurring unit B, 5 to 30 mol % of at least one further recurring unit C and 5 to 40 mol % of least one end group E, where the recurring units A, B and C are different from one another, and at least one organic solvent, characterised in that the formulation has a viscosity of ≤25 mPas. The present invention furthermore relates to the corresponding hyperbranched polymers and to processes for the preparation thereof. The present invention additionally also relates to the use of the hyperbranched polymers according to the invention in electronic or opto-electronic devices, and to electronic or opto-electronic devices containing these polymers

An organic electroluminescent (EL) device having excellent luminance life and a method for producing the device are described. The organic EL device contains an organic EL material and a solvent A having a boiling point under 1 atm of 250° C. or higher, in which the proportion X.sub.A (μg/cm.sup.3) of the content (μg) of the solvent A to the volume (cm.sup.3) of the organic EL material in the organic EL device satisfies the formula (1):

5<X.sub.A≤2650  (1)

The present specification relates to a compound of Chemical Formula 1, a coating composition comprising the compound of Chemical Formula 1, an organic light emitting device using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.

The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting device, comprising: a light-emitting layer, which is a quantum dot composite film, wherein the quantum dot composite film comprises a conductive polymer, a quantum dot, and a coordination group connected to the conductive polymer, and the coordination group is connected to the quantum dot.

An electroluminescent device, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display apparatus are provided. The electroluminescent device includes an anode layer, a light emitting layer, a cathode layer, a hole transport layer located between the anode layer and the light emitting layer, and a electron transport layer located between the cathode layer and the light emitting layer. The electroluminescent device further includes: a first interface modification layer between the light emitting layer and one of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer; wherein an energy level of the first interface modification layer matches an energy level of the light emitting layer and an energy level of the one of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer.

An organic light emitting device of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode, stacked one by one, wherein the hole transport region includes a hole transport material derived from a crosslinking agent compound represented by Formula 1. The organic light emitting device may be manufactured through a wet process, and the emission efficiency and driving voltage properties of the organic light emitting device may be improved.

##STR00001##

An organic photodetector (OPD) comprises a microcavity defined by a reflective electrode and a semi-transparent electrode, wherein the microcavity comprises a transparent conductive oxide layer and an active layer comprising an n-type organic semiconductor and a p-type organic semiconductor, and wherein the blend of the n-type organic semiconductor and the p-type organic semiconductor exhibits low absorption at the resonance wavelength, which results in an excellent optical sensitivity in a favorably narrow wavelength region and allows to tune the response to different wavelengths depending on the desired application. In addition, methods of producing such organic photodetectors and methods of tuning the resonance of a microcavity formed in an organic photodetector (OPD) to a predetermined wavelength are provided.