The present invention provides a hot-carrier photoelectric conversion method. The method includes a hot-carrier photoelectric conversion device having a P-type semiconductor layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and an inorganic conducting light-absorbing layer. The inorganic conducting light-absorbing layer is formed between the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer, and an electric field is formed between the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer. Moreover, photons are absorbed by the inorganic conducting light-absorbing layer to create electrons and holes. The electrons and holes are respectively shifted by the electric field or diffusion effect to the N-type semiconductor layer and the P-type semiconductor layer, so that the electrons and the holes are respectively conducted outside to create electric energy. Further, the present invention increases the quantity of photons absorbed, and makes electrons and holes be quickly conducted outside, thereby increasing photoelectric conversion efficiency, and creating electric energy with a high open-circuit voltage and a high current.

A high molecular weight compound according to the present invention includes a substituted triarylamine structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), ##STR00001## where AR.sup.1, AR.sup.2, and L each independently represent a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group, n is an integer of 1 to 3, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a heavy hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyloxy group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, or a heteroaryl group.

To provide a film-forming ink and a film formation method, capable of making the dimensional accuracy of a film to be formed excellent by increasing the apparent liquid droplet amount of a film-forming ink to be supplied as a liquid droplet into an opening part included in a partition wall, and also to provide a device with a film and an electronic apparatus, each of which has a film formed using the film formation method. A film-forming ink of the invention includes a film-forming material and a liquid medium in which the film-forming material is dissolved or dispersed, wherein the liquid medium contains a first component which has a boiling point at an atmospheric pressure of 200° C. or higher and a second component which has a boiling point at an atmospheric pressure lower than the first component.

The present invention provides, among other aspects, stabilized chromophoric nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are rationally functionalized with a pre-determined number of functional groups. In certain embodiments, the stable chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are modified with a low density of functional groups. In yet other embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are conjugated to one or more molecules. Also provided herein are methods for making rationally functionalized chromophoric nanoparticles.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I), to the use of compounds of the formula (I) in electronic devices, and to electronic devices comprising one or more compounds of the formula (I). The invention furthermore relates to the preparation of the compounds of the formula (I) and to formulations comprising one or more compounds of the formula (I).

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

OLED materials having the formula: T-A(-S-B(-P-B)m-S-A)n-T where A are independently selected rod-shaped, rigid molecular core units, S are independently selected flexible spacer units, B are polymerisable crosslinking groups independently selected, P are spacer groups independently selected, T are independently selected end groups, m are independently selected from values of from 1 to 4, n is equal to I to 3.

A polymer comprising an optionally substituted repeat unit of formula (I): wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each occurrence are independently selected from H or a substituent; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be linked to form a ring; and A is an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group. ##STR00001##

A quantum dot electronic device comprises a first encapsulation layer, a first electrode disposed on the first encapsulation layer, a quantum dot pattern disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the quantum dot pattern and a second encapsulation layer disposed on the second electrode. The quantum dot pattern may be formed by an intaglio transfer printing method, where the method comprises forming a quantum dot layer on a donor substrate, picking up the quantum dot layer using a stamp, putting the quantum dot layer into contact with an intaglio substrate using the stamp and separating the stamp from the intaglio substrate. Using the quantum dot transfer printing method, a subminiature quantum dot pattern can be transferred at a high transfer rate. Accordingly, a highly integrated quantum dot electronic device exhibiting excellent performance and a high integrated quantum dot light emitting device with an ultrathin film can be realized.

A photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode, in this order, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer contains a quantum dot and an organic compound, satisfies formula (1), a predetermined carrier mobility, and a predetermined energy level, and reduces a residual image, E2>E1 formula (1). E1 (eV) is the energy at a short-wavelength edge in a wavelength region of light detected by the photoelectric conversion element. E2 (eV) is the band gap of the organic compound.