Organic photoelectric conversion element has a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer has a first organic layer that contains a first organic semiconductor containing principally a p-type organic semiconductor, a second organic layer that contains a second organic semiconductor containing principally an n-type organic semiconductor, and an intermediate layer that contains the first organic semiconductor and the second organic semiconductor. The second organic layer is disposed at a side of the second electrode relative to the first organic layer. The intermediate layer is between the first organic layer and the second organic layer and reaches each of these layers. The thickness of the second organic layer is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the first organic layer and intermediate layer.

An organic compound, a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer, a formulation and a thin film, wherein a solution of the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer exhibits a peak optical absorption spectrum red shift of at least 100 nm when the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer solution is cooled from 140° C. to room temperature.

To provide an organic material represented by General Formula (1) below:

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where, in General Formula (1), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently an alkyl group having from 2 through 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently a straight-chain alkyl group having 1, 2, 4, 6, or 12 carbon atoms, or a hydrogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 or 2.

Embodiments described herein provide methods for processing various polymer materials for use in devices, such as photovoltaic devices. In some cases, oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) may be used to process conjugated polymers, including relatively insoluble conjugated polymers. The methods described herein provide processing techniques that may be used to synthesize and/or process polymers, such as unsubstituted thiophene.

The invention relates to novel mixtures of substituted fullerenes, to their use in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising these fullerene mixtures.

Manufacturing of a device to connect at least one nano-object to an external electrical system, comprising a support provided with a semiconducting layer (4) in which the first doped zones (8a, 8b) are formed at a spacing from each other, an external electrical system (SEE) being connectable to the first doped zones, each first doped zone (8a, 8b) being in contact with a second doped zone (12a, 12b) on which a portion of the nano-object is located, the second doped zones (12a, 12b) being separated from each other and with a thickness (e.sub.2) less than the thickness (e.sub.1) of the first doped zones (FIG. 1).

An organic solar cell is provided. The organic solar cell includes a photoactive layer in which a low molecular weight conjugated compound as a first organic semiconductor material is mixed with an appropriate amount of a second organic semiconductor material. The first organic semiconductor material includes both electron donors and electron acceptors. The presence of the electron donors and the electron acceptors in the first organic semiconductor material improves the morphology of the photoactive layer, leading to high efficiency of the organic solar cell.

The present specification provides a copolymer and an organic solar cell including the same.

The present invention is generally directed to the field of organic semiconductor material. It provides a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer containing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene ring as a side chain and a photodetector device containing the same.

The invention relates to an optoelectronic device comprising: (a) a layer comprising a crystalline A/M/X material, wherein the crystalline A/M/X material comprises a compound of formula: [A].sub.a[M].sub.b[X].sub.c wherein: [A] comprises one or more A cations; [M] comprises one or more M cations which are metal or metalloid cations; [X] comprises one or more X anions; a is a number from 1 to 6; b is a number from 1 to 6; and c is a number from 1 to 18; and (b) an ionic solid which is a salt comprising an organic cation and a counter anion. The invention also provides various processes for producing an ionic solid-modified film of the crystalline A/M/X material.