Provided is a solar cell comprising a first electrode; a second electrode; a photoabsorber layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first semiconductor layer located between the first electrode and the photoabsorber layer; and a second semiconductor layer located between the second electrode and the photoabsorber layer. At least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode is light-transmissive. The photoabsorber layer contains a perovskite compound represented by the composition formula AMX.sub.3 (where A represents a monovalent cation, M represents a divalent cation, and X represents a halogen anion). The first semiconductor layer contains Li. The second semiconductor layer contains LiN(SO.sub.2CnF.sub.2n+1).sub.2 (where n is a natural number of not less than 2).

A light-emitting element having low driving voltage and high emission efficiency is provided. In the light-emitting element, a combination of a guest material and a host material forms an exciplex. The guest material is capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission. Light emission from the light-emitting layer includes light emission from the guest material and light emission from the exciplex. The percentage of the light emission from the exciplex to the light emission from the light-emitting layer is greater than 0 percent and less than or equal to 60 percent. The energy after subtracting the energy of light emission from the exciplex from the energy of light emission from the guest material is greater than 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.23 eV.

Provided are a photoelectric conversion element including an electrically conductive support, a photoconductor layer including an electrolyte, a charge transfer layer including an electrolyte, and a counter electrode. The photoconductor layer has semiconductor fine particles having a metal complex dye represented by specific Formula (1) supported thereon; a dye-sensitized solar cell; a metal complex dye; a dye solution; and an oxide semiconductor electrode.

A compound of the formula ML.sub.AL.sub.B where ligand L.sub.A is of Formula I, and ligand L.sub.B is of Formula II below.

##STR00001## M is selected from Os(II) or Ru(II), and the compound ML.sub.AL.sub.B has a formal neutral charge; and rings A, B, C, D, E, and F are independently a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring, and R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C, R.sup.D, R.sup.E, and R.sup.F each independently represent mono to the maximum allowable substitution, or no substitution. L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, and L.sup.4 independently represent a single bond or an organic linking group; W.sup.1, W.sup.2, W.sup.3, and W.sup.4 are independently selected from carbon or nitrogen; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, and Y.sup.4 are independently selected from carbon or nitrogen; and Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, and Z.sup.3 are independently selected from carbon or nitrogen, and at least one of Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, and Z.sup.3 is nitrogen. An organic electroluminescent device that includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer comprising a compound of the formula ML.sub.AL.sub.B where ligand L.sub.A is of Formula I, and ligand L.sub.B is of Formula II above. A consumer product comprising an organic light-emitting device (OLED) above.

There is disclosed an organic optoelectronic device comprising two electrodes in superposed relation comprising an anode and a cathode, at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material located between the two electrodes forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction, an anode buffer layer adjacent to the anode and a cathode buffer layer adjacent to the cathode, and an intermediate layer adjacent to at least one of the anode and cathode buffer layers, wherein when the intermediate layer is adjacent to the anode buffer layer, the intermediate layer is chosen to facilitate the transport of holes to the anode buffer layer, and when the intermediate layer is adjacent to the cathode buffer layer, the intermediate layer is chosen to facilitate the transport of electrons to the cathode buffer layer. Also disclosed are methods of making the same.

The present invention relates to fields of organic chemistry and organometallic chemistry. The present invention discloses a chain multiyne compound, a preparation method thereof and an application in synthesizing a fused-ring metallacyclic compound. A structure of the chain multiyne compound in the present invention is shown as Formula I below. The present invention also provides a preparation method of the chain multiyne compound and an application thereof in a synthesis of a fused-ring metallacyclic compound. The chain multiyne compound disclosed in the present invention has multiple functional groups and the structure of the chain multiyne compound is adjustable. The chain multiyne compound can also be used to synthesize the fused-ring metallacyclic compound efficiently. The preparation method of the chain multiyne compound disclosed in the present invention is simple, which can be used to prepare the chain multiyne compound rapidly and efficiently. ##STR00001##

An organic light emitting device (OLED) that includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the organic layer comprising a light-emitting dopant within a host material, the host material including an optically active host compound; wherein one enantiomer of the optically active host compound is present in an enantiomeric excess (ee) of at least 75%. A consumer product that includes the OLED.

A compound that includes a ligand L.sub.A of Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III, and the ligand L.sub.A is coordinated to a metal M.

##STR00001##

Ring A is a 5-membered, or 6-membered, aromatic ring, and Ring B a 5-membered, or 6-membered, carboxylic or heterocyclic ring.

Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, and B, and forms an aromatic BN ring; wherein one of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 is C, one of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 is N, and one of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 is B, and the B and N are adjacent ring atoms; and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of C and N. The compounds can be used as phosphorescent dopant emitters in OLEDs. An OLED that includes an organic layer that includes a compound with a ligand L.sub.A of Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III, and a consumer product that includes the OLED.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic EL element which exhibits high driving stability and high luminous efficiency at a low voltage. Provided is an organic electroluminescent element in which an anode, organic layers and a cathode are laminated on a substrate, wherein a biscarbazole compound (i) represented by general formula (1) and a carborane compound (ii) having one or more carborane rings and an aromatic group bonded to the carborane ring(s) are contained in at least one of the organic layers. Here, R and R each denote a hydrogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, an alkyl group, or the like, m is a number between 1 and 6, and X.sub.1 to X.sub.3 are each N, CR or C.

##STR00001##

A light emitting display device includes: a first electrode positioned on a substrate; a second electrode overlapping the first electrode; a red emission layer, a green emission layer, a blue emission layer, and an infrared ray emission layer emitting light of different wavelengths and positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode; a green resonance auxiliary layer positioned between the green emission layer and the first electrode; and a blocking layer positioned between the green resonance auxiliary layer and the green emission layer, wherein the infrared ray emission layer and the green resonance auxiliary layer include the same material, and LUMO energy of the blocking layer is larger than LUMO energy of a green light emitting dopant included in the green emission layer.