The present invention includes novel heteroleptic/homoleptic iridium complexes containing two tridentate ligands, where at least one of the tridentate ligands comprises of pyridinium-derived N-heterocyclic carbene. The compounds of the present invention may be useful for organic electroluminescent devices.

The invention relates to an organic light-emitting device comprising an organic stack of layers between two electrodes. The organic stack of layers comprises a first light-emitting layer and the first light-emitting layer comprises an emitter material adapted to generate electromagnetic radiation during operation of the device. Taken together, the transition dipole moments of the radiation generating transition of the molecules of the emitter material have an anisotropic orientation inside the first light-emitting layer, and it applies that <cos.sup.2 ?> is less than ?, where ? is the angle between the respective transition dipole moment of the radiation generating transition of the molecules of the emitter material and a layer normal of the first light-emitting layer.

A dye solution for a photoelectric conversion element contains at least one metal complex dye represented by a specific formula and a solvent including at least one alcohol solvent having a specific structure.

The devices can be fabricated by a method that permits active polymer chains to be polymerized on the surface of an electrode such that the active polymer chains are aligned with one another. The active polymer chains can also be covalently linked to a second electrode so the active polymer chains are located in an active layer of the device. The polymerization method can be paused and resumed at any point in the polymerization so nanoparticles can be added into the active layer. Additionally, the polymerization method allows that active polymer chains to be polymerized so they include junctions such as p-n junctions and Schottky junctions.

Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including a supporting substrate, a conductive layer, a power generating layer onto which a metal complex dye is adsorbed, and a counter electrode, in which the conductive layer, the power generating layer, and the counter electrode are laminated in this order on the supporting substrate, some or all of voids provided in each of the power generating layer and the counter electrode contain an electrolyte, an adsorption amount of the metal complex dye is 1.010.sup.8 to 1.810.sup.7 mol/cm.sup.2, and the metal complex dye is represented by a specific formula. Also provided is a photoelectric conversion module including a plurality of the photoelectric conversion elements connected to each other.

Visibly transparent photovoltaic devices are disclosed, such as those are transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices make use of transparent electrodes and near-infrared absorbing visibly transparent photoactive compounds, optical materials, and/or buffer materials.

A dye-sensitized solar cell is provided. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a working electrode which includes a plurality of twisted carbon nanotube yarns. The dye-sensitized solar cell also includes a hybrid sensitizer. The hybrid sensitizer includes a nanoporous titanium oxide layer coated on the plurality of twisted carbon nanotube yarns, a microporous titanium oxide layer coated onto the nanoporous titanium oxide layer, and dye particles and quantum dots disposed in the pores of the microporous titanium oxide layer. In addition, the dye-sensitized solar cell includes a conducting electrode which includes at least one carbon nanotube yarn disposed about the hybrid sensitizer. The dye-sensitized solar cell also includes a solid state electrolyte disposed about the hybrid sensitizer.

A light emitting device and a manufacturing method therefor are provided, and the light emitting device includes an active layer including a light emitting material, an ionic material, and a polymer matrix, and the active layer is capable of being compressed and elongated and formed to be changed in luminous intensity depending on at least one of a pressure for the active layer and an elongation percentage of the active layer.

A compound comprising a first ligand L.sub.A having the formula

##STR00001##

Formula I, is disclosed. In Formula I, ring A is a five- or six-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; Y.sup.1 is selected from carbon and nitrogen; each of X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 is C or N; at least two adjacent R.sup.2s of ring B form a fused structure having the following formula:

##STR00002##

ring C is fused to ring B and the wavy lines are bonds attached to ring B; ring D and ring E are either a 5-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered aromatic ring; each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C, and R.sup.D is independently selected from a variety of substituents; ligand L.sub.A is coordinated to a metal M and, optionally, linked with other ligands; and M is optionally coordinated to other ligands. Organic light emitting devices and consumer products containing the compounds are also disclosed.

The present invention includes novel hexadentate metal complexes. The complexes hexadentate ligands of the present invention may be useful as improved emitters in an OLED device.