A method for enhancing the performance of pentacene organic field-effect transistor (OFET) using n-type semiconductor interlayer: an n-type semiconductor thin film was set between the insulating layer and the polymer electret in the OFET with the structure of gate-electrode/insulating layer/polymer/pentacene/source (drain) electrode. The thickness of n-type semiconductor layer is 1˜200 nm. The induced electrons at the interface of n-type semiconductor and polymer electret lead to the reduction of the height of the hole-barrier formed at the interface of polymer and pentacene, thus effectively reducing the programming/erasing (P/E) gate voltages of pentacene OFET, adjusting the height of hole barrier at the interface of polymer and pentacene to a reasonable scope by controlling the quantity of induced electrons in n-type semiconductor layer, thus improving the performance of pentacene OFET, such as the P/E speeds, P/E endurance and retention characteristics.

Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) and their compositions are described herein. In one or more embodiments, the acceptor with an active layer of an OPV includes is a non-fullerene acceptor. Such non-fullerene acceptors may provide improved OPV performance characteristics such as improved power conversion efficiency, open circuit voltage, fill factor, short circuit current, and/or external quantum efficiency. One example of a non-fullerene acceptor is (4,4,10,10-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,11-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-4,10-dihydro-dithienyl[1,2-b:4,5b′] benzodi-thiophene-2,8-diyl) bis(2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-5,6-dichloro-1-ylidene) malononitrile.

Provided is a highly convenient, useful, or reliable novel organic compound represented by General Formula (G1), where A.sup.1 represents any of hydrogen, deuterium, an alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and a diarylamino group; Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 each independently represent any of an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and a diarylamino group; and R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 each independently represent any of hydrogen, deuterium, an alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

A compound of Chemical Formula 1, and an organic photoelectric device, an image sensor, and an electronic device including the same are disclosed: ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as described in the detailed description.

A compound of formula (I):
EAG-EDG-EAG   (I)
wherein each EAG is an electron accepting group; and EDG is an electron-donating group of formula (IIa): ##STR00001##
The compound of formula (I) may be used in a photosensitive layer of an organic photodetector wherein the photosensitive layer comprises the compound of formula (I) and an electron donor. A photosensor may comprise the organic photodetector and a light source, e.g. a near infra-red light source.

The present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion element with an excellent sensitivity, an imaging element, an optical sensor, and a compound. The photoelectric conversion element according to the embodiment of the present invention includes, in the following order, a conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent conductive film, in which the photoelectric conversion film contains a compound represented by Formula (1) and a coloring agent.

A-D-A  (1)

The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and an organic light emitting device using the same.

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a first layer that includes at least one of a semiconducting material, a hole transport material (HTM), and/or an electron transport material (ETM), a second layer, and a third layer that includes a material that is at least one of transparent or conductive, where the second layer is positioned between the first layer and the third layer, the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are in electrical contact with each other, and the third layer has a first thickness between greater than zero nm and about 100 nm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the semiconducting material may include a perovskite.

A compound is represented by Chemical Formula 1.

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, G, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X.sup.1, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are each the same as in the specification.

A compound of Chemical Formula 1, and an organic photoelectric device, an image sensor, and an electronic device including the same are disclosed: ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.