Provided are a novel compound and an organic electronic device using the same. The novel corn pound is represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein Y is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a sulfur dioxide group; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently C(R.sup.a), multiple (R.sup.a)s are the same or different, and the two (R.sup.a)s are joined together to form a first aryl ring; X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each independently C(R.sup.b), multiple (R.sup.b)s are the same or different, and the two (R.sup.b)s are joined to form a second aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring.

In one aspect, solid-state organic intermediate-band photovoltaic devices are provided. A solid-state organic intermediate-band photovoltaic device, in some embodiments, comprises an organic electron donor and an organic electron acceptor, wherein the organic electron donor comprises a singlet energy level separated from a triplet energy level by an energy gap. The device also comprises a triplet sensitizer comprising singlet and triplet energy levels falling within the singlet-triplet energy gap of the electron donor.

The present invention provides a novel iridium complex and an organic light-emitting device including the novel iridium complex. The novel iridium complex includes three ligands, and two of them have a phenyl-naphtho[2,1-f]isoquinoline skeleton. The present invention also provides a display apparatus including the organic light-emitting device and an electrophotographic image-forming apparatus including a light source including the organic light-emitting device and including a photosensitive member.

An organic compound represented by formula (1) and an organic compound represented by formula (2). These organic compounds provide high color purity.

##STR00001##

In formulae (1) and (2), R.sub.1 to R.sub.24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a substituent.

The present invention includes fused tetraphenylene compounds that may be used as charge transporters, hosts or emitters in OLEDs.

An organic compound represented by formula (1). In formula (1), each of R.sub.1 to R.sub.22 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a silyl group, and a cyano group.

##STR00001##

A compound having a structure of Formula 1: ##STR00001##
is disclosed. In Formula 1, each one of X.sup.1 to X.sup.16 is independently CR or N; at least two adjacent of X.sup.1 to X.sup.16 are CR; at least one pair of adjacent Rs is ##STR00002##
fused to one of the Ring A, Ring B, Ring C, or Ring D; each instance of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, and Y.sup.4 is independently CR.sup.1 or N; each instance of Z is independently CR.sup.2R.sup.3, NR.sup.4, O, S or Se; each instance of R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from a variety of substituents; and any adjacent substituents of R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are optionally joined or fused into a ring. Formulations and devices, such as an OLEDs, that include the compound of Formula 1 are also described.

An object is to provide a semiconductor material and coating having high solubility in solvents and having advantageous filling property, high heat resistance, and/or high etching resistance. Another object is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor using the semiconductor material. Still another object is to provide a novel compound. Provided are: a semiconductor material consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative; methods for manufacturing a coating and a semiconductor using the semiconductor material; and a compound consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative.

A compound having a structure of Formula I,

##STR00001##

is provided. In Formula I, Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.16 are each CR or N; three consecutive ones of Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.16 within the same ring cannot be N; each R is independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from a variety of substituents; at least one R includes and electron donor substituent; at least one R includes an electron acceptor substituent; and any two Rs on the same ring can be joined or fused together to form a ring. Organic light emitting devices, consumer products, formulations, and chemical structures containing the compounds are also disclosed.

The present specification relates to a novel compound and an organic electronic device using the same.