A photoelectric conversion element includes a frame-shaped insulating sealing part that is disposed between the plurality of first electrodes and the cover and defines a space inside the photoelectric conversion element, a photoelectric conversion part formed on an upper surface of a first electrode in the space; a second electrode formed in the space, which includes a flat portion and a bent portion, and insulates the photoelectric conversion part from the second electrode, an inter-cell insulating part that insulates the first electrode from the second electrode, a carrier transporting part with which the space is filled, and an insulating bonding part that has at least a portion positioned between the porous insulating part and the cover and is brought into contact with the inter-cell insulating part and with a portion of the flat portion so as to bond the inter-cell insulating part and the second electrode to each other.

Provided are a method of preparing a graphene-based thin-film laminate and the graphene-based thin-film laminate prepared by using the method. The method may include repeating following operations 60 times or less, the cycle including: (a) to (d) processes described above, a graphene-based thin-film laminate prepared using the same, and an electrode and electronic device including the graphene-based thin-film laminate.

An organic electroluminescence element in an embodiment according to the present invention includes a first electrode, a third electrode including a region overlapping the first electrode, a first insulating layer between the first electrode and the third electrode, a second insulating layer between the first insulating layer and the third electrode, an electron transfer layer between the first insulating layer and the third electrode, a light emitting layer, containing an organic electroluminescence material, between the electron transfer layer and the third electrode, and a second electrode located between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer and electrically connected with the electron transfer layer. The organic electroluminescence element includes an overlap region where the third electrode, the light emitting layer, the electron transfer layer, the first insulating layer and the first electrode overlap each other in an opening of the second insulating layer.

Methods and devices that use alkali metal chalcohalides having the chemical formula A.sub.2TeX.sub.6, wherein A is Cs or Rb and X is I or Br, to convert hard radiation, such as X-rays, gamma-rays, and/or alpha-particles, into an electric signal are provided. The devices include optoelectronic and photonic devices, such as photodetectors and photodiodes. The method includes exposing the alkali metal chalcohalide material to incident radiation, wherein the material absorbs the incident radiation and electron-hole pairs are generated in the material. A detector is configured to measure a signal generated by the electron-hole pairs that are formed when the material is exposed to incident radiation.

An interlayer is used to reduce Fermi-level pinning phenomena in a semiconductive device with a semiconductive substrate. The interlayer may be a rare-earth oxide. The interlayer may be an ionic semiconductor. A metallic barrier film may be disposed between the interlayer and a metallic coupling. The interlayer may be a thermal-process combination of the metallic barrier film and the semiconductive substrate. A process of forming the interlayer may include grading the interlayer. A computing system includes the interlayer.

The invention relates to a light extraction substrate having a light extraction layer. The light extraction layer includes boron, boroate, and/or borosilicate as well as nanoparticles.

A display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device. The display panel includes a first display area and a second display area. A light transmittance of the first display area is greater than a light transmittance of the second display area, and the display panel includes: a substrate; and a light-emitting element layer including a first electrode, a light-emitting structure located on the first electrode, and a second electrode assembly located on the light-emitting structure. The second electrode assembly includes: a light-transmitting electrode, at least partially located in the first display area; a light-transmitting block located in the first display area and stacked with the light-transmitting electrode; and a second electrode located in the second display area. A material of the second electrode and a material of the light-transmitting electrode nonbind with each other.

A photoelectric conversion element including: a first electrode having a photosensitive layer including a light absorber on a conductive support; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a hole transport layer provided between the first and the second electrodes, in which the light absorber includes a compound having a perovskite-type crystal structure having a cation of Group 1 element of the periodic table or a cationic organic group A, a cation of a metallic atom M that is not Group 1 element of the periodic table, and an anion of an anionic atom X, and an organic solvent content per cubic millimeter of the hole transport layer is 1×10.sup.−10 to 1×10.sup.−7 mol, a solar cell using this photoelectric conversion element, and a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element including a step of applying a hole-transporting material solution and drying the solution at 40° C. to 180° C.

The present invention provides a display panel and a display device thereof. The display panel includes an anode layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode layer. On one aspect, the cathode layer of a transparent region of the present disclosure adopts a single-layer structure composed of a first cathode layer, and a cathode layer of the display region adopts a laminated structure composed of the first cathode layer and a second cathode layer disposed thereon. This can not only improve light transmittance of the transparent region, but also improve luminous efficiency of the display region.

The invention provides an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention further provides a mixed-halide perovskite of the formula (I) [A][B][X].sub.3 wherein: [A] is at least one organic cation; [B] is at least one divalent metal cation; and [X] is said two or more different halide anions. In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a mixed-anion perovskite as a sensitizer in an optoelectronic device, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention also provides a photosensitizing material for an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions.