A polymer compound for a conductive polymer contains one or more kinds of repeating units a represented by the following general formula (1) and has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, ##STR00001##
R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rf.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and has at least one fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group in Rf.sub.1; Z.sub.1 represents a single bond, an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or C(O)OR.sup.2; R.sup.2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and may have an ether group, a carbonyl group or an ester group in R.sup.2; and a is 0<a1.0.

Described herein are polymer formulations for facilitating electrical stimulation of nasal or sinus tissue. The polymer formulations may be hydrogels that are prepared by a UV cross-linking process. The hydrogels may be included as a component of nasal stimulator devices that electrically stimulate the lacrimal gland to improve tear production and treat dry eye. Additionally, devices and methods for manufacturing the nasal stimulators, including shaping of the hydrogel, are described herein.

The invention relates to a conductive article made from a composite material comprising: from 50 to 99 wt % of a first polyethylene resin as based on the total weight of said composite material, wherein the first polyethylene resin has a melt index MI2 of at most 0.45 g/10 min as determined according to ISO 1133 (190 C.2.16 kg), and a density ranging from 0.920 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.980 g/cm.sup.3 as determined according to ISO 1183 at a temperature of 23 C.; and from 0.2 to 10 wt % of carbon particles as based on the total weight of said composite material as determined according to ISO 11358 selected from nanographene, carbon nanotubes or any combination thereof;
wherein the composite material further comprises from 0.10 to 0.48 wt % of polyethylene glycol as based on the total weight of the composite material, and in that said polyethylene glycol is selected to have a weight average molecular weight Mw of at most 20,000 g/mol. The invention also relates to a process to produce such conductive article as well as to the use of polyethylene glycol such a conductive article.

A polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, and contains one or more repeating units represented by formula (1) and one or more repeating units represented by formula (2):

##STR00001## R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rf.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and has at least one fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group in Rf.sub.1; Z.sub.1 represents a single bond, an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or C(O)OR.sup.2; R.sup.2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and may have an ether group, a carbonyl group or an ester group in R.sup.2; and a is 0<a1.0, and

##STR00002## b is 0<b<1.0.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including: a resin containing a main chain having a urethane bond and two side chains each having a silicon-containing group; and an electro-conductive material, wherein the electro-conductive material is a polymer compound having one or more repeating units selected from fluorosulfonic acid salts shown by the following formulae (1)-1 and (1)-2, sulfonimide salts shown by the following formula (1)-3, and sulfonamide salts shown by the following formula (1)-4. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light in weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even when it is wetted with water or dried. The present invention also provides a bio-electrode in which the living body contact layer is formed from the bio-electrode composition, and a method for manufacturing the bio-electrode.

Provided are a conductive polymer composite and composition which: improve water volatilization efficiency during film formation by incorporating a novel non-doping fluorinated unit in a dopant polymer; also reduce H.sup.+ generation by using the non-doping fluorinated unit in place of an acid unit generating extra acids; have good filterability and film formability; and are capable of forming a film having high transparency and good flatness when the film is formed. The conductive polymer composite is a composite containing: (A) a -conjugated polymer; and (B) a dopant polymer which is a copolymer containing a repeating unit a shown by the following general formula (1) and at least one repeating unit b selected from repeating units shown by the following general formulae (2-1) to (2-7).

##STR00001## ##STR00002##

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides nano and microstructures of conducting polymers which may be used in the treatment of neuron regeneration. In some embodiments, the microstructures may be a microcup or a nanogroove structure. The present disclosure also provides methods of preparing the conducting polymer coated microstructures and methods of using these compositions or structures.

Provided are a perovskite optoelectronic device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The optoelectronic device of the present invention comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a photoactive layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite photoactive layer; and a second electrode disposed on the photoactive layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle photoactive layer. The present invention can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

An object of the present invention is to provide a conductive polymer composite which has good filterability and good film forming property by spin coating and, when a film is formed, can form a conductive film having high transparency and good flatness property. It is provided a conductive polymer composite comprising (A) a -conjugated polymer, and (B) a dopant polymer containing a repeating unit a represented by the following general formula (1), and having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000: ##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.1, Z.sub.1, Rf.sub.1, and a are as defined in the specification.

The present invention relates to a composition for producing a polymer, comprising: a) from 20 to 60% by weight, based on the entire composition, of at least one monomer; and b) from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the entire composition, of at least one branched pre-polymer, wherein the composition is liquid at room temperature and under normal pressure; use of the composition, a method for producing a polymer using the composition, as well as an electrically dimmable glazing that encloses the polymer.