In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of creating a supercapacitor. The method includes forming an anode and a cathode, each composed of a substrate having at least one of a lignin, a lignin-based composite, activated carbon, a plant extract, a cellulose by-product, biofuel waste, one or more metals, a metal oxide, a monometallic tungstate, or a bimetallic tungstate, and sandwiching an electrolyte coated separator between the anode and the cathode. In an addition embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to an electrode composed of a particle-decorated lignin. In some embodiments, the particle-decorated lignin includes particles that can include, without limitation, MnO.sub.2, NiWO.sub.4, MnO.sub.2, NiCoWO.sub.4, CoWO.sub.4, and combinations thereof. In a further embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a supercapacitor made via the methods of the present disclosure.

An embodiment is directed to an electrode composition for use in an energy storage device cell. The electrode comprises composite particles, each comprising carbon that is biomass-derived and active material. The active material exhibits partial vapor pressure below around 10.sup.−13 torr at around 400 K, and an areal capacity loading of the electrode composition ranges from around 2 mAh/cm.sup.2 to around 16 mAh/cm.sup.2.

An embodiment is directed to an electrode composition for use in an energy storage device cell. The electrode comprises composite particles, each comprising carbon that is biomass-derived and active material. The active material exhibits partial vapor pressure below around 10.sup.−13 torr at around 400 K, and an areal capacity loading of the electrode composition ranges from around 2 mAh/cm.sup.2 to around 16 mAh/cm.sup.2.

Provided is a production method that enables the production of a composite body of lithium titanate particles and a carbonaceous material, the composite body having excellent electrical characteristics and so on, and the composite body of lithium titanate particles and a carbonaceous material. A method for producing a composite body of lithium titanate particles and a carbonaceous material includes the steps of: preparing a raw material mixture using a titanium compound, a lithium compound, and an oligomer and/or raw material monomer of an alkali-soluble resin; and subjecting the raw material mixture to heat treatment under a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce the composite body.

Disclosed herein is a high-capacity slurry electrode for use in a flow energy storage system, comprising: an electrolyte; electrode active particles, distributed in the electrolyte, functioning as an electrode active material in an electrochemical flow capacitor storage system; and a redox active material, dissolved in the electrolyte, behaving as a pseudo-capacitor through a redox reaction on a surface of the electrode active material, wherein the high-capacity slurry electrode exhibits both capacitor properties based on the electrode active particles and pseudo-capacitor properties based on the redox active material.

Disclosed herein is a high-capacity slurry electrode for use in a flow energy storage system, comprising: an electrolyte; electrode active particles, distributed in the electrolyte, functioning as an electrode active material in an electrochemical flow capacitor storage system; and a redox active material, dissolved in the electrolyte, behaving as a pseudo-capacitor through a redox reaction on a surface of the electrode active material, wherein the high-capacity slurry electrode exhibits both capacitor properties based on the electrode active particles and pseudo-capacitor properties based on the redox active material.

Provided is a nonaqueous lithium storage element which is obtained by housing an electrode body and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt in an outer case, said electrode body being composed of a negative electrode that is composed of a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer laminated on one or both surfaces of the negative electrode collector, a positive electrode that is composed of a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer laminated on one or both surfaces of the positive electrode collector, and a separator.

Provided is a nonaqueous lithium storage element which is obtained by housing an electrode body and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt in an outer case, said electrode body being composed of a negative electrode that is composed of a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer laminated on one or both surfaces of the negative electrode collector, a positive electrode that is composed of a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer laminated on one or both surfaces of the positive electrode collector, and a separator.

There is described a mesoporous composite material comprising carbon nanoparticles dispersed in a mesoporous carbonaceous material.

The disclosure discloses electrode material, preparation methods thereof and supercapacitors based thereof. Raw material for preparing the electrode material include PVDF and an additive which can be reacted with the PVDF to generate conductive active substance, the amount of the PVDF is 50 to 99 mass percentage, and the amount of the additive is 1 to 50 mass percentage. A PVDF-based composite film can be prepared from the raw materials; and activating treatment is performed on the film by virtue of a physico-chemical process, so that PVDF can generate a conductive active substance, the contact resistance of the PVDF and the active substance is reduced, and the conductive active substance is distributed in the PVDF-based composite film more uniformly. Button and wound supercapacitor and flexible capacitor, which are prepared from the electrode material, are high in power density and energy density, long in cycle life.